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How Facebook shares two billion photos with cold storage facilities

Facebook engineers offer a sneak peek into the two new cold storage facilities opened in the last year for storing more than two billion digital photos -- and keeping them instantly available.
Written by Rachel King, Contributor
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A tray of hard drives in a cold storage rack. (Photo: Facebook)
Facebook is sharing more details about the less glamorous but still essential behind-the-scenes work that goes into storing swelling amounts of user data.

This time, the world's largest social network is offering a specific deep dive into one staple feature that we all love and hate, depending on the point of view: photos.

Facebook sees about two billion photos shared across its platform on a daily basis. With that astounding challenge in mind, Facebook's infrastructure team started to face the head-on reality that new systems were needed to handle increasing and changing demands.

Much like it has in bolstering the news feed and other popular features, Facebook continued along its quest in building new storage and data center solutions in-house from the ground up.

Facebook's homegrown data center technologies are well established by now, with footprints from Oregon to Sweden.

The Menlo Park, Calif.-headquartered company most recently bolstered its data center in Altoona, Iowa last November with a data center fabric described as a next-generation architecture developed for speeding up machine-to-machine traffic at scale.

Essentially, the solution to the puzzle became cold storage facilities.

Facebook engineers Krish Bandaru and Kestutis Patiejunas explained further in a blog post on Thursday how the development process started with building servers that power on as needed, then managed by intelligent software constantly verifying and balancing data to optimize durability.

According to the engineering team, this full-stack approach toward establishing efficiency while reducing operating power is based on building racks with double petabyte (or two million gigabyte) storage systems that operate at a quarter of the power typically used by conventional storage servers.

"The goal was to make sure your #tbt photos from years past were just as accessible as the latest popular cat meme but took up less storage space and used less power," quipped Patiejunas and Bandaru. "The older, and thus less popular, photos could be stored with a lower replication factor but only if we were able keep an additional, highly durable copy somewhere else."

The engineering team acknowledged that they are "lucky" to have both the financial and technological support (not to mention encouragement) to build such hardware and software from scratch and experiment with them.

"Too often, we've all seen systems begin to get bogged down as they grow and become more utilized,"Patiejunas and Bandaru wrote. "So, right from the beginning, we vowed to make a system that not only didn't degrade with size but would get better as it grew."

Facebook has already established two cold storage facilities in the last year at its data centers in Prineville, Oregon and Forest City, North Carolina, together hosting "hundreds of petabytes" of data -- an amount Patiejunas and Bandaru admitted is ballooning daily.

Image via Facebook

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