Linux holds key to future of climate change
A scientific project that will help govern how the European Commission tackles climate change is relying on Linux and the Géant academic grid to complete its vital work.
The Millennium Simulations, an earth-modelling venture at the Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, will allow scientists to model the changes in the world's climate over the past millennium, as well as centuries into the future.
By factoring in human influences on carbon, including changes in land use, as well as natural phenomena including volcanic activity, the Millennium Simulations will provide an insight into how the earth's climate will change over the coming decades and centuries.
It's this information that will go towards informing the next assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, the body whose information is fed to the highest levels of government to help them make decisions on the environment.
The Millennium Simulations' Earth System Model contains sub-models for atmosphere, ocean, land-surface and ocean-biogeochemistry and features an "interactive carbon cycle".
With scientists across Europe and beyond contributing information to the project and analysing the results, Millennium Simulations needs a lot of bandwidth — bandwidth enabled by Géant2, a grid linking national research and education networks across the continent.
So far, the simulations have racked up more than 50TB of data, Reinhard Budich, project manager at Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, told ZDNet UK's'sister site, silicon.com.
"One of the simulation runs we do of, say, 1,000 years produced something like 2.5TB of data and these data have to be shared. We do not [do] only one run — we do many runs because we have to adjust the models to the different forcings [forcing factors: elements that can affect the climate models] we have and then we do model runs with different forcings switched off and on."
Using Géant2, the institute can make the simulations available to earth scientists, meteorologists, historians and other interested parties around the world.
According to Budich, the contribution of Géant2 — which is also used by scientists working on the Large Hadron Collider — cannot be overstated.
"We, as a project, depend on Géant... Such an infrastructure initiative like Géant is really indispensible for us."
The data from the Millennium Simulations is stored at the World Datacentre for Climate, housed in the German Climate Computing Centre in Hamburg: the largest Linux-based database in the world, Budich said, holding 400TB of data.
The link between the Max Planck Institute and the German Climate Computing Centre is a theoretical 655Mbps.
"This is what we can afford so far — it's a matter of cost as well. How much of that [bandwidth] you really get from that for your little project is one of those things where I'd like to see improvements," Budich said.
"We as researchers have to share bandwidth between us — there are about 400 registered users at this computing centre so you can imagine the bandwidth we get for our transfer. It depends really on time of day, usage of others, etc. What I'd like to see in the long run is that I can reserve bandwidth for an application, I can say: 'Today between noon and 1.30 I want to transfer this much data to somewhere. Give me that bandwidth'. That's the quality of service I'd like to see."
Budich believes vendors are open to the idea and could adopt such a business model in the future.
Storage has also proved a bugbear for the climate researchers, with data retrieval usually taking minutes, but occasionally seeing scientists wait for hours for information.
"Many of those data have to reside on tape because we just can't afford enough disk space for that… Those data that are asked for more often the database keeps on disc basically but those asked for seldom are offloaded onto tape."