The Apple Core

Jason D. O'Grady & David Morgenstern

Apple plays Whack-A-Mole with malware authors (updated)

By | June 2, 2011, 7:00am PDT

Summary: Eight hours after Apple released a security update to protect against the Mac Defender malware the author(s) modified it to bypass the new File Quarantine signatures. Then Apple updated the signatures again. Game on!

After being in the wild for more than a month Apple released Security Update 2011-003 on Tuesday in response to the Mac Defender/Mac Guard malware that’s believed to be first credible malware targeting Mac OS X.

The problem is that eight hours after Apple released the update the author(s) had already modified the malware (now called Mac Guard) to bypass the new File Quarantine signatures added in the patch.

ZDNet’s Ed Bott has posted two videos that show how Mac Guard (the current release of this malware) behaves before and after the Apple security update.

Apple is now actively engaged in a game of “Whack-A-Mole” with the malware authors.

Apple patches. Malware authors recompile. Repeat.

Update: Italian site Spider-Mac reports [translation] that Apple updated its File Quarantine signatures overnight to detect the new Mac Guard variant. It did so by modifying the Xprotect.plist file with a new entry for “OSX.MacDefender.C”.

After installing Security Update 2011-003 a new option appears in System Preferences > Security called “Automatically update safe downloads list” that is checked by default.

This allows Apple to automatically push out updates to its File Quarantine signatures without requiring the user to run a Software Update and install a patch. But Apple’s mechanism is far from perfect. Ed Bott notes that the “safe downloads” updater only runs at startup or every 24 hours. In other words, if you don’t reboot (which I almost never do), your Mac would be vulnerable to Mac Defender/Mac Guard until the 24-hour clock expires.

Is this the beginning of the end of Mac security as we know it?

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Jason O'Grady is a journalist and author specializing in mobile technology. He has published six books on Apple and mobile gadgets and his PowerPage blog has been publishing for over 15 years.

Disclosure

Jason D. O'Grady

Jason D. O'Grady is the creator and editor of O'Grady's PowerPage, which has been publishing mobile technology news since 1995. He maintains an advertising relationship with the following legacy advertisers on the PowerPage:

  • Amazon Associates
  • Google Adsense
  • Tekserve
  • Advertising on the PowerPage is brokered by a third-party agency (BackBeat Media) and he recuses himself from these negotiations.

Biography

Jason D. O'Grady

Jason D. O'Grady developed an affinity for Apple computers after using the original Lisa, and this affinity turned into a bona-fide obsession when he got the original 128 KB Macintosh in 1984.

He started writing one of the first Web sites about Apple (O'Grady's PowerPage) in 1995 and is considered to be one of the fathers of blogging. He has been a frequent speaker at the Macworld Expo conference and a member of the conference faculty. He also co-founded the first dedicated PowerBook User Group (PPUG) in the United States.

After winning a major legal battle with Apple in 2006, he set the precedent that independent journalists are entitled to the same protections under the First Amendment as members of the mainstream media.

O'Grady is the author of The Nexus One Pocket Guide, The Droid Pocket Guide, The Google Phone Pocket Guide, and The Garmin nuvi Pocket Guide (Peachpit Press), the author of Corporations That Changed the World: Apple Inc. (Greenwood Press), and a contributor to The Mac Bible (Peachpit Press). In addition, he has contributed to numerous Mac publications over the years, including MacWEEK, Macworld, and MacPower (Japan).

When he's not writing about Apple for ZDNet at The Apple Core, he enjoys spending time with his family in New Jersey.

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RE: Apple plays whack-a-mole with malware authors
jackson1984-24316069205748857739440257893812 10th Oct
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LIES!
Tim Acheson 2nd Jun
All Apple products are immune from viruses and malware.

It must be true, because Steve Jobs (Apple) and his fellow board member Eric Schmidt (Google) keep telling me so.
@Tim Acheson: ... Apple products are *effectively* immune from viruses and malware, yes (even though theoretically they are not immune): not a single epidemic for whole twenty-seven years old history of Macintosh.

"your Mac would be vulnerable to Mac Defender/Mac Guard until the 24-hour clock expires."

Mac is not -- and never was -- vulnerable to any variant Mac Defender/Guard, etc., please do not distort. Each and every time user has to willingly and voluntary install it after believing ridiculous claim that his/her Macintosh has got a "virus" (even though there was no epidemic ever). And after that user has to be twice more clueless to get actually harmed from it.
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The problem is ....
Economister 2nd Jun
@denisrs

if it "just works" you should not have to think.

Your analysis applies equally to Windows I might add.
@denisrs
How much does Apple pay you for your inane posts?
@Economister: applies to Windows 7 malware with similar qualities, yes. But in more than malware, risks for Windows 7 is still theoretically higher (practically not that much since MS does great work patching vulnerabilities).

@Droid101: How much does Google pay you for your inane posts?
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@denisrs Mac is not -- and never was -- vulnerable to any variant Mac Defender/Guard, etc., please do not distort I call bullsh1t on this. IF Mac is not vulnerable to Mac Defender then there would be NO articles on it, no Apple Antivirus software (their terms BTW not mine), and no debate over this. By your logic that this requires user interaction and approval I can say that my Windows 7 machines is not vulnerable to the Windows 7 Defender (or whatever it's called) because I have to give it permission to be installed.

The entire point that you and the rest of the ones afflicted with headinthesanditis are NOT getting is that the uneducated Mac user (just like his or her uneducated PC counterpart) is very likely to fall for this sort of scareware tactic.
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applies to Windows 7 malware with similar qualities, yes. But in more than malware, risks for Windows 7 is still theoretically higher (practically not that much since MS does great work patching vulnerabilities).

@denisrs There is one significant advantage Windows 7 has: window colours. Seems stupid I know, but the fact that the user can change the colour of the window chrome means the scareware writer can't match it on a web page, this makes the visual side harder to pull off.
@athynz: ... Mac, so the whole story of this javascript that says that it all of sudden found a "virus" is not really believable.

That is why I had to say that the whole thing is overblown in the media (as always). This scheme simply can not work as well as for Windows PCs due to totally different atmosphere of security/insecurity.
@denisrs
You are a troll plain and simple. Whether intentionally or not. Try making sense, and see if you don't get attention as well.
@denisrs
Agreed! However, you can get the same effect by not turning on your computer! LOL!
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@denisrs
The only kind of sense your post makes is nonsense.
If the Mac is immune why does it need anti malware updates? Do Mac users feel left out when the users of other OS'es have a gala time updating their systems ?
Come on, get you head out of the sand and get real . Times are a changing !!
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RE: Apple plays whack-a-mole with malware authors
ZazieLavender Updated - 2nd Jun
@denisrs A virus is a virus.

And honestly, most Mac users ARE STUPID

Oh yeah, and the last two variants DON'T need user approval. It's literally land on a page and it installs silently in the background. Sounds like OSX is no longer bulletproof. :P
@denisrs

Strange that you should post here considering that you don't read the articles here. It has been clearly stated more than once here in Zdnet articles that there are variants of Mac Defender that can install WITHOUT approving it and giving it your password.
@josh92: ... folder not as system, but as user sandbox -- and hence administrative password is not required, user still has to agree with the installation purely voluntary, by his/her own hand.
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@denisrs You missed the main part: even uneducated users never heard of 'viruses' on Mac, so the whole story of this javascript that says that it all of sudden found a "virus" is not really believable.

I did not miss the main part... but somehow you seem to be. This IS an issue that IS affecting some Mac users hence the articles, the internal Apple memos that were posted, and the fact that Apple has not only released an antivirus package but is now pushing/ offering updated definitions to it.

Obviously there are those who believed that they did get a virus.
@derekgore

Trolls post solely to provoke. By definition they do so intentionally. The referenced post evinced neither.
@sksinghkgn

"If the Mac is immune why does it need anti malware updates?"

Because not all malware are viruses, and in particular, as trojans are just programs, there is no simple OS remedy for them other than to disallow the running of programs.

"Come on, get you head out of the sand and get real"

Do so yourself. Or at least learn something about the topics you respond to.
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@athynz: I did not ever state that no one on Mac got the malware installed. On the contrary: I said that these who use Windows PC and Macs might believe in this scam more likely, since they used to whole concept of virus and antivirus thing. Mac users are usually aware that getting virus is not really probable at all, so it is much harder for them to be cheated by this Javascript prompter to install the malware.

Also, there is no "antivirus" in Mac OS X -- including the latest updates. If you think Edward Bott (of "Microsoft Report") is right source of that type of information about Apple implementing "antivirus", you are wrong. Apple's update only included mechanism to check downloads' cache folder on matter whether signature of downloads matches to few known malware types or not.

This has nothing to do with what anitivirus does, sitting in OS constantly 24/7, checking memory, all of input/output operations, file system everywhere -- what eventually brings even fast Windows PCs to their knees, making them crawl.

So: no vulnerabilities in Apple software found, no virus epidemic, no antiviruses by Apple, and quite little *real-life* (not blown by mass-media) impact of new malware due to malware's ridiculous claim that Mac got a "virus" (when there was no single epidemic ever). There is just no way to interpret all of this at any close scale who mass media (specifically, ZDNet -- others do not care much since what happened is quite small thing) blown this up.
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RE: Apple plays whack-a-mole with malware authors
DeusXMachina Updated - 3rd Jun
@ZazieLavender

"A virus is a virus."

Yes, and a trojan is a trojan. But a virus is not a trojan.

"And honestly, most Mac users ARE STUPID COMPLACENT ENOUGH to not be cautious about what they click. :>"

Based on what knowledge do you make this statement? All the theoretical physicists, pharmacology designers, bioengineers, and cryptographers (fields where Macs predominate) that use Macs?

"Oh yeah, and the last two variants DON'T need user approval. It's literally land on a page and it installs silently in the background. Sounds like OSX is no longer bulletproof. :P"

Actually, this is not accurate, which you would know if you:
1) knew anything about the issue, and/or
2) knew anything about how Macs work.

The only way permission to INSTALL is "bypassed" is if the user is already running Safari with Auto Open Safe Downloads turned on. Otherwise, you WILL be prompted for permission.
Even then, this only allows the download of avSetup.pkg. It does NOT give run permissions to the macguard app. To actually run the app, guess what. Permissions must be entered by the user. Ed Bott not giving particularly clear or accurate information despite using his Mac for some time now not withstanding, this piece or B.S. has no basis in fact.

But nice try. Thanks for playing. Next.
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RE: Apple plays whack-a-mole with malware authors
DeusXMachina Updated - 3rd Jun
@josh92
"Strange that you should post here considering that you don't read the articles here."

Strange that you post here without knowing the facts.

"It has been clearly stated more than once here in Zdnet articles that there are variants of Mac Defender that can install WITHOUT approving it and giving it your password."

By Ed Bott, who then went on to say that nevertheless, the program WILL NOT RUN without user permission.
@Tim Acheson Steve ballmer keeps telling me that i need to use Microsoft Security Essentials. +1 to Applienation.
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@Tim Acheson No they don't... And Eric hasn't been on Apple's board for quite a while.

Probably it's Eric who should look embarrassed, it's Google Image Search that's getting pwnd. This is simple scareware - like we've all seen on Windows for years. It doesn't get much traction on Windows (anymore - users don't fall for it like they once did) and I can't see it getting much traction on Mac OS X either.

Now I don't think Apple's response is likely to be particularly effective (I think they can pump out new variants faster than a 24hour turn around).

The thing is, if the user does "the right thing" (quit the installer and navigate away from the page) then there is no problem (clearing it from the downloads folder would also make sense).

So I guess I find myself in the middle here - I don't think Apple's response is going to help (significantly), but I don't see this as a big problem either.
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@jeremychappell This isn't valid. Last two variants, not the first variant obviously, have been able to install with NO USER INTERACTION
@ZazieLavender
"Last two variants, not the first variant obviously, have been able to install with NO USER INTERACTION"

AGAIN, NOT TRUE, which you'd know if you researched the issue before posting instead of being a ZDNet sycophant.
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@Tim Acheson lies huh then epxlain why a fiends mac got this crap and appple removedit and mac defender caem in9 hours later?
@dragonstar125

No, but you lying does. That or your friend in an idiot, since the attack vector is EXACTLY THE SAME!
@Tim Acheson you are not looking at the facts. I think that you are perhaps just holding on to the idea that somehow Macs can be immune to viruses, but the only reason they have not been heavily exploited is only because of their small market share. Almost anything can be exploited if you take the time to figure it out, even Macs.
Also I can't understand your logic that it must be true just because Steve Jobs and Eric Schmidt tell you so.
@skippe93

First, the Security through Obscurity myth has been debunked so many times it is now idiotic that people are even repeating it. Second, because they still are, ad nauseam, your posting it again like it is some blazingly bright insight is laughable.
Apparently someone isn't paying attention to the dangers of the latest variant of Mac Defender. arguments continue to be
made that it requires the user to give it permission to install. the variants Do Not Require User Permission to install.

Vectre
@Vectre I don't believe this is true. I have not seen nor read about, from Ed Bott or others, an actual demonstration of this allegation. If the thing can ever get to my computer through my firewall, I'll be happy to try to infect my system and will report the results.
@Vectre

If you're logged on with an admin account, you are not prompted for a password. You do, however, have to interact with the installer dialog box. This is social engineering, not a drive-by download.

Watch the video!
@Vectre I call BS.
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RE: Apple plays whack-a-mole with malware authors
partman1969@... Updated - 3rd Jun
@Vectre
Wrong even though you wish it were true! Show us all a video of an auto executing Mac Defender or quit the FUD. You and ZazieLavender seem to be the experts so I'm sure even Ed Bott would love to see your proof.
I deal with these viruses every day on Windows platforms. It was only a matter of time before Mac was affected. I agree with Ed - this is social engineering. Users just want to use the computer, and they are taken aback by the popups. The non-technical majority does not know how to respond, and many actually pay the fee demanded by the virus. That's why it keeps growing, and why MAC would be targeted as well. Unfortunately, it has been very profitable for the virus writers.
I'm remembering the I'm a Mac; I'm a PC ads that apple used to run on TV. I guess Microsoft could start running the similar ads - I'm Mac Malware (a background voice yelling out - it isn't true) and the second one - I'm PC Malware (video has the PC malware fall over dead, the mac malware looking robust & pumping weights). that would be a hoot.
@inkwell

Other than the fact that that is not what is happening with this non-issue, yeah, that.
Type the code below to check when the system last updated the safe downloads list:

more /System/Library/CoreServices/CoreTypes.bundle/Contents/Resources/XProtect.meta.plist

To force a check of the safe downloads list, type:

sudo /usr/libexec/XProtectUpdater

and then enter your admin password, else the system will not have permission to overwrite the definitions file.
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Yet another useless, uninformative Mac/PC pissing contest in the discussion area.
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what's a big deal here ? It is not a real malware anyway. You need to click to download it. If you're that stupid then you deserve what you get. On windows you just browse the website and gotcha! - you've got the virus.
@dcdavy

It IS real malware (just like LimeWire) it just isn't a virus.
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YOU MUST CLICK INSTALL to get it !!!!!!!
partman1969@... Updated - 3rd Jun
To the devious hopefuls out there (ZazieLavender,and Vectre,and any other bunghole Windows Zealot): Ed Bott even stated on this very page that you have to interact with the installer. This means CLICK the INSTALL button before the malware will ask for your credit card. You people are sick trying to get Apple infected with something. Isn't the neiner,neiner, or I told ya so a little childish. My head is not in the sand I have AV and I'm sure aftermarket anti-malware is on the way. I work both Macs and Pcs and I'll tell you I'm no happier that rogue juvenile programmers are finding more and more ways to hurt unprepared computer users.
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Slap!
ManoaHI 3rd Jun
@all you people who are criticizing @Tim Acheson
Write this on a piece of paper and go to a mirror so that you can see your face and still see the paper:

1. slap your face as hard as you can
2. say "Sarcasm"
3. stop when you understand, otherwise repeat from step #1
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Where is it???
seaniepie 6th Jun
I Still can't find this Malware!! No-one else that I know who have macs can find it either. And we're actively searching for it.
Pi
0 Votes
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RE: Apple plays whack-a-mole with malware authors
jackson1984-24316069205748857739440257893812 10th Oct
Wonderful vocation on this short article! I noticed it seriously very useful. I've saved the website link for your internet site web page and I'm favourable that I am going to happen back again nonetheless all over again mulberry bag in long-lasting.

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