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ZDNet Education

Christopher Dawson

So just what is a 21st Century Skill?

By | December 3, 2008, 10:25pm PST

We hear a lot about 21st Century Skills lately; I’m certainly guilty of using the phrase. There’s a whole website devoted to building them (actually, there are thousands, but this one has the domain name www.21stcenturyskills.org). We also know that a lot of our kids don’t have them and a lot of their international counterparts are gaining them.

So what are they? My superintendent sent me a brochure on a state initiative to build 21st Century Skills and Classrooms. It was pretty vague, but I definitely got the impression I should be doing something.

Here’s my take. 21st Century Skills (I’m officially coining the acronym 21CS) are the broad set of tools, knowledge, and capabilities that allow students to step into a technology-driven global economy and be successful. It doesn’t mean that every kid needs to learn Ruby on Rails or have 10,000 followers on Twitter.

Rather, 21CS means getting people working together, generally with some technology making it all happen. We don’t need to be in the same office, prairie-dogging over our cubicles anymore and we darn-well better have an understanding of Asian culture, global economics, and telecommunications.

Our students need to know what asynchronous communication is and how that affects collaboration. They need to know how to accept and give criticism, communicate clearly and concisely across cultural boundaries, and use a variety of technology interfaces.

21CS is so bloody broad that it’s almost meaningless. Yet when a student can turn social media into a business tool and use them to produce a deliverable with contributors in 5 countries, they’ve certainly put those 21CS into play.

Help us focus in on 21CS. What does it mean to you and how do you incorporate them into your curricula? Talk back below.

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Topics

Chris Dawson is a freelance writer and consultant with years of experience in educational technology and web-based systems. In 2011, he became the Vice President of Marketing for WizIQ, Inc., a virtual classroom and learning network SaaS provider.

Disclosure

Christopher Dawson

Christopher Dawson is the Vice President of Marketing for WizIQ, Inc., by day and a freelance writer and educational technology consultant by night. Well, most of his colleagues at WizIQ are based in India, so really he's working with them whenever he can stay awake. He has worked for his local school district as a teacher and technology director, for the Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, and for Biogen, Inc. (now Biogen-IDEC, Inc.). He has also consulted with STATNet and Cytyc Corporation and retains close ties with X2 Development Corporation (now owned by Follett Software, the supplier of the student information system he administered for several years). Follett is paying him a monthly honorarium to act as a presenter for their "SIS Voices for Student Achievement" community (he produces occasional blog posts and hosts a monthly webinar on the use of student information systems to inform data-driven instruction and school-wide change. He regularly purchases and/or recommends Dell hardware. This is because Dell makes good hardware and has truly committed itself to education in innovative ways, particularly with their "Connected Classroom" initiative. It isn't because he has dealings with the company through his role at WizIQ (which he does) or because they have provided him with long-term loans of a variety of equipment for in-depth testing (which they have). Intel (reference designer for the Classmate PCs he has implemented in his local schools) has provided him with long-term loans of Classmate PCs for testing, as have Dell and Lenovo with their educational offerings. He may report on any of these companies as his experiences with them have direct bearing on educational technology; positive reports are not necessarily an endorsement and he receives no direct financial compensation from these companies or any others. Intel paid all expenses for his attendance at the 2009 Intel Classmate PC Ecosystem Summit which he attended as the sole representative of the technology press. He was invited to attend in 2010 but his wife would have killed him if he spent 3 days in Vegas geeking out and left her home alone with a new baby. Acer provided him with a 50% discount on an Aspire One netbook in early 2009 after he tested it for 30 days through their educational seed program. He liked the netbook at the time but it has since broken and sits unused in his office. Canonical sent him Ubuntu lanyards, t-shirts, and mousepads for his kids. He stole one of the lanyards and proudly hangs his keys from it and occasionally features his 8-year old wearing an oversized Ubuntu t-shirt on his Facebook profile. Gunnar Optiks sent him a pair of computer glasses to evaluate for a holiday gift guide. He is wearing them now as he types this because they never asked for them back and they rock out loud. Seriously - they work brilliantly and make it much easier to spend 20 hours a day staring at an LCD. If they ever asked for them back, he would fork over the $99 and buy a pair. Microsoft gave him 2 free copies of Office 2010 professional, a desktop clock, and a useless book on Office 2010 when he attended the launch of Office/Sharepoint 2010. He occasionally uses the SharePoint lanyard they gave him instead of the Ubuntu lanyard for his keys, but feels dirty afterwards. Adobe provided him with a pre-release version of the CS5 Master Collection for evaluation and ultimately provided a full, licensed copy for ongoing testing of educational applications of this admittedly expensive software. Like the Gunnars, if the license expires or they come out with CS6, he'd actually go out and buy it himself. Which is saying something, because he's actually pretty cheap. Any other companies wishing to send him cool things to evaluate, wear, or otherwise adorn his kids are more than welcome to; he promises to disclose it here if he keeps any of the stuff. Finally, because WizIQ is a virtual classroom and learning network provider, Chris, as VP of Marketing, frequently interacts with, seeks out deals with, and directly or indirectly competes with a whole lot of LMS, SIS, and other Education 2.0 companies. In general, he'll limit his reporting about these companies to news that does not impact his relationship with them or with WizIQ. If he reports on them, it's because what they are doing is newsworthy or worth the attention of his readers and not because he's trying to broker some deal, damage competition, or otherwise advance his position in his day job. LMS and SIS companies, along with other online learning communities, are a pretty important part of Ed Tech. If he stops reporting on them completely, there won't be a whole lot left. He'll be sure to call out any overt conflicts of interest if they are unavoidable. Finally, Follett Software Company pays him a little tiny honorarium every month to present on their SIS Voices webinars and to write the occasional blog or discussion thread for them. Since Follett recently bought X2 (maker of an awesome web-based SIS that Chris just happened to have used, served in advisory groups for, and frequently reported on), this is probably also worth disclosing.

Biography

Christopher Dawson

Christopher Dawson grew up in Seattle, back in the days of pre-antitrust Microsoft, coffeeshops owned by something other than Starbucks, and really loud, inarticulate music. He escaped to the right coast in the early 90's and received a degree in Information Systems from Johns Hopkins University. While there, he began a career in health and educational information systems, with a focus on clinical trials and related statistical programming and database modeling. This focus led him to several positions at Johns Hopkins, a couple-year stint in private industry, teaching high school math and technology, and 2 years as the technology director for his local school district. Most recently, he started his own consulting business and is now the Vice President of Marketing for WizIQ, Inc., a virtual classroom and learning network provider. He lives with his wife, five kids (yes, 5), 2 dogs, and a hateful cat in a small town in north-central Massachusetts. Although he is no longer teaching, his roles with WizIQ and ZDNet allow him to continue helping students and teachers add value to education with technology rather than merely adding to the bottom line.
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no duh
waytoobusyforthisnonsense 15th Dec 2008
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What a crock of bull
No_Ax_to_Grind 4th Dec 2008
You want to see our kids get ahead, Go back to teaching them the three R's.
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Agreed.
T1Oracle 4th Dec 2008
In the US we can't even meet that requirement. What point is understanding technology if you can't read the manual when the replacement technology shows up in 18 months? What good is knowing the latest accounting software if you can't even tell when the numbers it gives you are wrong? What's the point in learning Google Doc's if you still don't know how to structure a written report?
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+1 here. NT
ajole 4th Dec 2008
NT
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Reply to agreed
fastpaddy 6th Dec 2008
I think the word you are looking for is ENGAGEMENT. Students learn when they are engaged. How we engage them is the key. Putting them in neat little rows and telling them to learn their times table may have worked in your time mate, but it doesn't seem to work now - all you end up with is behavioural issues.

It is not about the technology, it is about the student and their needs. What do we need to do as teachers to ensure that our students become responsible citizens in the 21st century? I think technology will play a big role in what the future will look like for students entering the ducation system.
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Not just that
Kaiwai Updated - 4th Dec 2008
How about teaching kids how to critically analyse, and
better still, develop a love life long learning - instead of
just going to university and never upskill from there.

Want to know why there is rising unemployment? because
idiots did university - and that is where their development
stopped. No more education, no more personal
development. Everything came to a crashing halt the
moment they got that degree.

The next generation need to be flexible enough to be
continually learning and upskilling, flexibility to change
when required, and more importantly, the ability to
actually analyse, critique and formulate original ideas
rather than just regurgitating a mish mash of different
ideas from other people (as demonstrated by the lack of
original development in products these days - they're more
about stealing other ideas and mashing them together in
different combinations).
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Contributr
I think you just nailed
mrdatahs 4th Dec 2008
21st century skills...right on.

Chris
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agreed...and....
waytoobusyforthisnonsense 5th Dec 2008
kids that get degrees in garbage that doesn't apply...who ever heard of "Films of Walt Disney" as being a 3 credit hour course - "Walking" - I kid you not - AND taking those classes and FAILING them both.......and then wondering why you can't get a job - what is the world coming to????
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How do you plan to evaluate that?
NickNielsen 4th Dec 2008
Standardized testing? Talk about a crock of bull!
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Oh evaluation is EASY
No_Ax_to_Grind 4th Dec 2008
Can they read "See Dick Run"?

Can they spell their own name correctly on an employment app?

Can they look at the change in their hand and tell you how much more they need to equal a dollar?

Do they understsnd that the President does not make laws and is not the ruler of the US?
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The ones I liked . . .
JLHenry 4th Dec 2008
were the ones who said that since we had a Republican President, the Congress must be Republican too . . .

Good point. I would add to that list that they have to be able to at least tell you two things that happened 20 years ago (And why they happened) . . .
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no duh
waytoobusyforthisnonsense 15th Dec 2008
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well yes and no
bernalillo 4th Dec 2008
They won't really get anywhere unless they learn critical thinking, logic, and maybe a bit of governmental concepts. But, I do agree that focusing on job training for our children is bunk.
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When I went to school and especially when
alaniane@... 5th Dec 2008
my parents went to school, learning the three Rs (reading, writing, and arithmetic) included critical thinking, logic and civics. Arithmetic taught the logic by having you understand the concepts behind the problems. Reading taught you critical thinking since most of the books I was required to do book reports on didn't come with many pictures. My high school term papers were more stringent than many college papers today.
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Reply to what a crock of bull
fastpaddy 6th Dec 2008
Thank-you - You just keep thinking like that and the US will lose a further 2000 000 jobs. The rest of us in the rest of the world, will gain 21st century skills and kick your sorry asses.
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It doesn't mean anything.
T1Oracle Updated - 4th Dec 2008
You do what's required to get the job now just as you have done before. Defining 21CS is pointless because the only skill truly relevant to this age is the ability to adapt, learn, and keep up. Knowing today's technology may not get you a job tomorrow. You need to know how to learn. Else wise, that new younger and more up to date person, is always going to be a more attractive option than keeping you around. Especially if technology continues to change the landscape of what job roles are viable and what roles are not.
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was a good idea?

Gee, now we need puters for kidergarden kids...

NO WAY!
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It's not the calculator...
T1Oracle 4th Dec 2008
When I was in high school I used my calculator more than any of the other students. I programmed it, I solved the problem on the board before the teacher finished writing it, and did problems that weren't even being covered yet.

Having a calculator did not hurt me.

It is not the tool that determines the quality of the education, it is how the tool is used that matters.

An exercise can always be constructed in a way that requires thinking beyond the easy functions of any tool.

Regardless, the biggest factor in the quality of education is the teacher. The teacher who proactively finds the learning difficulties that students are actually having, will be far better prepared to effective teach them. The student must have the desire to learn, but the teachers must also be well aware of the state of that progress. Without good teaches it all falls back to student interest and every student fending for themselves.
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In high school fine, but not lower grades
No_Ax_to_Grind 4th Dec 2008
In the lower grades kids need the EXCERCISE of actualy solving math problems.

When I was a kid, we had to memorize the multiplication table to 24 x 24. Today, naw, what for, a caluclator can do it for me.
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You have a point there
T1Oracle 4th Dec 2008
However that is still an issue of how the technology is being used. In elementary all of the math should be paper and pencil, the material is too basic for more than that.

Although, a computer could be used to teach a kid 3rd grade math but the student should be required to do the math manually. In that case the computer is not augmenting the students ability to do their school work, it is augmenting the teachers ability to instruct the student.

Not all school technology needs to be for the student, some should be for the teacher because the teachers we have now need a lot of help.
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Well, maybe but you have to admit
No_Ax_to_Grind 4th Dec 2008
The education (effective education) that those of us old enough to have missed "technology" aids in the school room seem to have done fine while the latest generation of high school grads can't seem to figure out how to tie their shoes laces.

Ok, that's over dramatic but I swear when I see employment apps come across my desk I just shake my head and wonder what the heck is going on.

A poster above ranted about the evils of standardized testing and all I hear is, "I can't meet the standard so they are wrong". Come on, the written word, 2+2=4 is in fact pretty standard and anyone having completed 13 years of schooling should be able to pull it off. As I said, everyone in my generation that attended school managed it. Maybe we were just a lot smarter???
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I do the hiring for the two Domiciles I run, and it seems that the applicants get worse every year. I ask them what they consider to be a good customer service practice, and usually I get blank stares, and a general "I don't know . . ." look.

I hire truck drivers, and it's getting harder all the time to get someone I feel comfortable putting behind the wheel and know that they'll drive safely . . .
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I'm still finishing my degree and...
T1Oracle 5th Dec 2008
My classmates who are younger (25 vs 19-21) who have no clue what a professional report should look like. I'm telling one of them that we need of a table listing all the parts that we are putting into a project, and she just copies and paste text from a PDF manual without any attempt to format it.

I don't know how typical that is, but I see a lot of laziness there. These people are intelligent but they don't like put their minds to work, unless it involves updating their status on Facebook 10x a day. Maybe they just have too many toys to play with.
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Not in highschool either
bernalillo 4th Dec 2008
Kids in hs cant do math with out a calculator either. I'm talking the simple stuff here. Want to really f**k with a hs student with a calculator? Give them a word problem. Member word problems? Lets wait til they can do with out a calculator before we dumb them down again.
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Just recently I had a teacher
alaniane@... 5th Dec 2008
tell me that they don't want the teacher to teach kids (3rd grade) how to write, but rather how to type their assignments. It seems that they feel that writing is antiquated and that kids will only need to know how to type. I guess future carpenters are going to carry around laptops and label printers so they can mark studs as they go. If they have to mark the blueprint, they'll have to send it back to the architect to have it reprinted with their chicken scratch on it.
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Main points
covey22 7th Dec 2008
2 main themes have come up here re 21CS. Kids are wired to learn differently. The way tech is being used in school is not enhancing but in many cases impeding basic learning. There is a great article by Prensky called Digital Natives, Digital immigrants that make a strong case for the way kids are learning today. Walk into any number of classrooms today and you will see good and mostly bad examples of tech in the classroom. People don't realize that tech can be used to problem solve, analyze and synthesize - if its used correctly. Thats what 21CS is to me, teaching the EFFICIENT use of tech to achieve a goal. For that teachers, admin and everyone who has a hand in education needs training and education.
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Yes, Calculator Salesmen did
bernalillo 4th Dec 2008
And plenty of people think putting PCs in gradeschools are a good idea. Mostly Pc and software salesman, computer techs, lazy teachers and politicians.
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The three R's?
agentOraynge 4th Dec 2008
You mean Reading, Riting and Rithmatic?

You should already have those skills when you enter the job marketplace.

I don't think that the author of this article was implying we teach such basic skills. That being said, it is absolutely a necessity to be able to bring forth 21CS to employees as the technology is forever changing.
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Should have, are you kidding???
No_Ax_to_Grind 4th Dec 2008
I have "high school graduates" every day that can't PROPERLY fill out an employment application. Ever seen what happens at McDonalds if the register dies? Count and make change? How do I do that? Keep a checkbook balanced? Doesn't the computer do that automatically???

Sorry, the schools have FAILED at teaching even the most BASIC of skills. I don't care what you teach at the huiger grades, if the kid can't read or count why bother?
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The sad part is . . .
JLHenry 4th Dec 2008
that you're not being outlandish on this one. I went through a McDonald's the other day, and their computer/cash registers had gone down. It literally took a manager and another employee working together to figure out how much I owed them . . .pathetic.
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In the school's defense...
ajole 5th Dec 2008
..we are required to teach other skills. If we weren't so busy teaching 21st century skills and keeping up with NCLB, we could probably spend some time teaching things like times tables and grammar and spelling. Instead, we are busy teaching the use of spreadsheets, powerpoints and calculators, and policing the 'net usage of the kids so we don't get sued. No one ever hears that literally half the 50-odd graduating students in my little school get scholarships each year, all the media ever talks about is the 3 that didn't graduate.
And those three are probably working at McDonalds....
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The problem with schools here
alaniane@... 5th Dec 2008
is that they figure students overseas are learning technology skills at an earlier age and that's giving them an advantage. Look at curriculum for a Chinese elementary school math course. They're concentrating not on teaching kids how to use a calculator, but on how to figure out math problems in their head. Of course, Asian schools have an advantage on schools here in the fact that teachers are revered in their society and paid better than other professions. It pays to become a teacher in many Asian countries whereas here in the US it's a detriment. You have to love teaching and hope that you can make enough money at it to survive.
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It would help
Mahegan 5th Dec 2008
If people advertised prices honestly, taxes included, rather than advertised a fictitious price to which extra charges are added.

You could make it easier on yourselves...
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Why have the schools failed
fastpaddy 6th Dec 2008
Perhaps the schools have not failed. Perhaps it is the education system itself!! Having 21st century skills does not exclude the need for literacy and numeracy. Dan Pink, in his book "A Whole New Mind" notes that literacy and numeracy, while necessary, are no longer enough to succeed in the 21st century.

I agree that having high school graduates who cannot count, spell or write a job application is appalling, but this does not mean that we should ignore the skills needed for the 21st century learner.
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I have highschool graduates?
jsargent 7th Dec 2008
It seems like it's the easiest thing in the world to graduate from highschool in the US. I'm always at a loss to figure out why in Hollywood films it's such a big deal when characters see their kids graduate from highschool in a film. Are you saying that most kids can't even graduate and if they do they can't even read or write? Personally I believe that the state should be held negligent treating schools like that. How are the standards being checked and is anyone putting the time in to solve the problems that persist for so many years?
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Day late, dollar short
Yagotta B. Kidding 4th Dec 2008
Nothing like extrapolation to miss the big changes.

At the rate that the USA is deindustrializing, "21st century skills" will be a lot like "18th century skills:" candlemaking, shoveling manure, horsemanship, woodcarving, ...
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that was superb.
no_zd_user_name 4th Dec 2008
nt
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Sadly, you are not far off.
No_Ax_to_Grind 4th Dec 2008
Time to get that 40 acers and find me a mule.
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Not to be mean.
ajole 4th Dec 2008
I know you were laughing as you quickly dashed off the post, and my own typing is FAR from accurate...

but it is acres....I kept trying to figure out what Acer PCs and mules had to do with each other...
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Its not my fault
No_Ax_to_Grind 4th Dec 2008
I have to take these rented fingers back for a new set. wink
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Is it the fingers?
NickNielsen 4th Dec 2008
or the education? wink
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We need more manufacturing!
mikefarinha 4th Dec 2008
At least that's what our government is currently telling us...

More manufacturing jobs will save us!

Honestly... our policy makers should really read books from people other than Karl Marx.
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Without it people end up with jobs at
McDonalds or Wal-Mart.
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Depends on what you define it as
Kaiwai Updated - 4th Dec 2008
And I say that given that GWB has attempted in the past to
redefine 'burger flipping' as manufacturing - what does
one
classify as manufacturing.

The so-called 'service based economy' is the ruin of the US
economy; whilst we had people 'claim' it is the future,
basic common-sense and gut instinct tells oneself that
such a
notion is ridiculous - its akin to claiming that one can live
on a credit card ones whole entire life and never needing
to work.
0 Votes
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we can do with out "stuff" that was manufactured.
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It gives . . .
JLHenry 4th Dec 2008
a whole new meaning to "Green" technology . . . wink
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Don't knock them . . .
JLHenry 4th Dec 2008
people in the Big cities pay good money for a rough-carved block of wood, or hand-made candles . . .
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Are you actually thinking?
silversidhe 8th Dec 2008
There are those of us who believe that the old skills - ("21st century skills" will be a lot like "18th century skills:" candlemaking, shoveling manure, horsemanship, woodcarving, ...) will always be important and by the way they are far older than the 18th century. From what I have read recently on this site the skill that is sorely lacking everywhere is the ability to think and forgive me for saying this but those of you who judge are not immune and isn't it the responsibility of the adults in society to take care of and teach the young!
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I think 21st century skills are less about the technology and more about:
- Self-directed, self-motivated learning
- Producing something that showcases what is learned such as a video, podcast, poster, presentation or paper
- Building on existing knowledge and generating new ideas

It's a much more fluid and organic landscape that requires all of the previous concepts of the 3 R's but in a much more nonlinear fashion. 21st century skills are about leveraging the technology into increasing the quality and quantity while learning what needs to be learned more quickly. It's about learning to learn asnd then translating that into a creative product. There's never been a better time to have some sort of creative aptitude.
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Creative ...
BlueCollarGeek 4th Dec 2008
I was a member of a committee making a purchase decision on a substantial proprietary software overhaul. We had several US companies, several international companies, and several foreign-based companies bidding for our business.

In a nutshell the US companies failed to fully analyze the existing business processes and while their presentations were breathtakingly beautiful, there was not a chance we would have given them the work.

Two of the international companies correctly analyzed our business processes and had very nice presentations of their solution to our problem.

Working with the foreign company presented communication issues in terms of time and language, but they did properly identify and understand our business processes and presented several alternate solutions with pro's and con's for each.

We went with one of the international companies. We determined the communication issues may be problematic in the long run. It was painful to recognize that 5 different US companies could not present us with people who understood business process analysis. This is fundamental existing knowledge that cannot be made up for in the "presentation" with "creativity".
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LOL
Yagotta B. Kidding 4th Dec 2008
Time to get that 40 acers and find me a mule.

I'm having this image of a fire-lit farm cabin, livestock outside, heated by forty subnotebooks.

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