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Supreme Court won't hear appeal in Va. antispam case

By | March 30, 2009, 4:58pm PDT

Summary: A Virginia antispam law is now officially unconstitutional. The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal of a Virginia Supreme Court decision that invalidated a state law that makes illegal all high-volume anonymous email communications. I wrote about the case back in September, noting: The fundamental question was whether this law was unconstitutionally overbroad in violation of [...]

A Virginia antispam law is now officially unconstitutional.

The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear an appeal of a Virginia Supreme Court decision that invalidated a state law that makes illegal all high-volume anonymous email communications.

I wrote about the case back in September, noting:

The fundamental question was whether this law was unconstitutionally overbroad in violation of the First Amendment. The problem is really quite simple. The law does not limit its effect to commerical speech (spam, as we have come to know and love it); it includes all anonymous, mailed email.

The right to anonymous speech is fundamental to free speech, the court said. Anonymous speech is “an aspect of the freedom of speech protected by the First Amendment.” (McIntyre v. Ohio Elections Comm’n, 514 US 334, 342 (1995.)) Prohibiting anonymous, protected speech is “a direct regulation of the content of speech,” the Supreme Court said in that case.

The Virginia court said the state could have prohibited anonymous, high-volume, commercial spam but including all anonymous, high-volume emails went too far.

Last fall, most readers were outraged that Jeremey Jaynes (above, who sent 12,197 spams on 7/16/03, 24,172 on 7/19/03 and 19,104 on 7/26/03) would go free.

Typical comment:

That court is flat-out wrong. Spam has nothing to do with the First Amendment. No one has any “right” to put their email on any server, period. It has ZERO to do with content.

But the Supreme Court found no reason to re-hear the Virginia decision. My words back then prove on-target:

In the age of the Patriot Act, NSA surveillance, etc., legitimate public speech may require anonymous messaging to people who didn’t ask to receive messages. Imagine a law that said no political speech that can’t be traced. Consider the UN proposal to make anonymity impossible. Do we really want to remove the right to anonymous speech online?

Clearly not. And we don’t need to. The Virginia assembly just needs to fix this law by inserting the word “commercial.” This is just a case of shoddy draftsmanship. First Amendment protected. Unfortunately, Jaynes can’t be prosecuted under the current law. But he can be under a new law.

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Richard Koman

http://government.zdnet.com/?page_id=3731

Biography

Richard Koman

Richard Koman is an attorney admitted to practice in California. As a technology writer since the mid-1980s, Richard Koman has documented the role of computing in the transformation of the graphic arts, the growth of the Web and the birth of the peer-to-peer phenomenon. He worked as a book and web editor for O'Reilly Media throughout the 1990s, editing several influential websites and numerous best-sellers. As a lawyer, as well as a tech writer, he brings a unique perspective to the blog's intersection of law, government and technology.
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Yep. It's about CONSENT, not content.
Hallowed are the Ori 1st Apr 2009
I don't want ANY of it.
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Still think the case was wrongly decided
John L. Ries 30th Mar 2009
But it's not my opinion that's legally binding. The courts have the right to be wrong, but not the right to be above criticism, or to have people automatically assume that their decisions are correct.
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Twisted words, at best...
AlphaSet 30th Mar 2009
It's just a clueless, inappropriate application of the term "Free Speech".

The guarantee of Free Speech does not include "forced audience". Yes, you have the right to voice yourself. But, no, I don't have to listen. Nobody can force their views (religious or otherwise), or their wares, or their noise, or even their money on you, whether in person, or via telephone... or e-mail.

That's because Free Speech does not trump others' rights to live as they wish. Forcing people to receive unwanted e-mail would be saying the reverse.

The Internet is not a public broadcast system, and e-Mail carries no more rights to reach the destination than the Telephone. Both e-mail and phone are services PAID FOR by account holders that have that are not obligated to receive anything they don't want to.

The Internet was built on the idea of VOLUNTARY peering and cooperation between PRIVATE PARTIES who bear the costs. Nobody is "required" to receive or forward anything outside of customer contracts, and some things can be disallowed by Terms of Service disclaimers, regardless.

One of the "founding principles" of the Internet was "My server... My RULES!" (Also used was "My network..." or "My computer...")

Spam has no business existing in this scenario, and anyone trying to pass it as a "Right of Free Speech" needs his head examined!
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Ah, but we are talking prison here ...
rkoman@... 30th Mar 2009
Nothing in your argument is terribly controversial. The problem is that the Virginia law comes with jail time. That means people trying to publicize a political message, not a commercial one, are subject to jail terms for attempting to speak.

So, political spam might be outside the Terms of Service, but the punishment for that is reasonably, oh, banning the user from the network. But we're talking state-imposed criminal sanctions here.

Your rules? Fine. If there's a cost to violating your TOS, fine. But when they are Government Rules, those rules must and will be constrained by the Constitution.
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Their right to free speech...
Erroneous 31st Mar 2009
end where another's right not to hear begin. If they are sending me a message of any kind I have to scan it to see if it is a legitimate message if it makes it through my spam filters. This basically means I have to read the garbage at least in part to determine whether I should be getting it or not. This is interferring with my right not to hear/view their message.
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That is simply not the law
rkoman@... 31st Mar 2009
The law protects the right to free speech. There is nothing about the right not to listen in the Bill of Rights. Under your version of society, the civil rights protesters would not be allowed to march to Selma. That offended white people's right and desire not to hear the message. Clearly if we protect the right *not* to hear, then we are saying you can only speak in ways where your speech has no impact. That would emasculate the First Amendment.

The whole point of the right to speech is the right to offend (short of incitement), to be heard even by people who don't want to hear.
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I disagree
John L. Ries 31st Mar 2009
If someone were to shout his political message through a bullhorn in front of my house for an extended period, I would certainly call the police and he would likely end up in jail (my right to the quiet enjoyment of my home trumps his right to free speech, which is why noise ordinances are enforceable). Being subjected to mass unsolicited e-mailings day after day, week after week, is, IMHO, no different. Spamming operations are public nuisances and should be treated as such.

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Distinguished
rkoman@... 31st Mar 2009
I shout a message through a bullhorn in front of YOUR home for an extended period. That is directed to you. It's clearly harassment, since it's directed to you. Although where I live, there's no noise ordidance and you would be hardpressed to get the cops to act.

That is not the issue here - the issue is my right to speak to a large number of people. That IS the issue since the law in question was about sending large numbers of emails.

So, a better analogy is I post my message on every telephone poll on your street; you can see it as soon as you walk out the door and you're offended.

Do you have the right to stop me from posting my message because it offends your right to quiet enjoyment of the front of your house? No. The issue is I am attempting to get my message out to the majority of people in the community. I'm doing so anonymously. you get the idea.

Go back to the civil rights comparison. People are walking down your street, protesting segregation, singing songs. You're offended. It bothers your quiet enjoyment of your home. A law makes it illegal to bother people's quiet enjoyment. Is the parade protected? Yes. Too bad for your quiet enjoyment.

(Of course the govt can regulate parades but it must do so in a neutral way. And it can't ban all parades and call that neutral. See time, place and manner restrictions.)
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E-mail is not a public forum
AlphaSet Updated - 31st Mar 2009
The trouble with your argument is you're trying to apply the right to address the *public* to e-mail, which only contacts individuals, via a service someone other than the sender paid for.

Addressing an e-mail to multiple recipients only results in multiple transmissions, each one to an individual, and multiplying the cost for all that pay.

It's no different than telemarketing with an autodialer.

As far as public demonstration goes...
Parades and similar events have to be cleared with most city governments, and notifications are sent or posted about it. You can't just gather a mass and start chanting on a residential street, as that is called "disturbing the peace".

The "bullhorn scenario" has no more weight than that. You're disturbing the peace whether shouting at 1 or many households at once.
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Who pays is largely irrelevant here
rkoman@... 31st Mar 2009
You would agree that if I want to get my
political message out I can do a junk-mailing
through USPS. You as the recipient don't have a
right or a way to stop that. OK so far?

Your problem is that the junk-mailer pays the
postage whereas someone else pays the costs of
email. Right?

Now, there is no doubt that the ISP has a civil
action against the spammer for unauthorized use
of the network -- and conceivably there could
be criminal prosecution for trespass,theft,
etc.

But public forum is not germane here. I grant
that email is a private forum. But the issue is
that you are criminalizing anonymous speech -
ALL anonymous speech of a certain bulk. That's
the rub.
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Wrong emphasis
AlphaSet 31st Mar 2009
I'm not criminalizing anonymous speech, I'm criminalizing the use of e-mail to convey (DELIVER) it. Same applies to the phone.

And, yes! It certainly does matter who pays. Others are not obligated in any way to pay for your Free Speech "campaign". That may be why it might be unrealistic to try refusing postal spam, as someone has paid to print it and send it. (Although, there are some places that allow you to do just that as well!)

I'm sorry, you can't stretch the principle past a certain point. The recipient has the right to refuse spam, and it is the recipient that ultimately determines what is "spam".

Free Speech doesn't guarantee "audience, let alone, a "paying audience".
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One more thing
rkoman@... 31st Mar 2009
As I mentioned, yes government can require
permits for parades but they have to be given
out in a completely neutral way - only
specifying time, place and manner restrictions.
You can't give an OK for the parade based on
content.

However, commercial speech has much more
limited free-speech protections and can be
regulated in a reasonable way.

Since no one's really concerned about political
spam - it's really about the commercial bs spam
- why not accept that the law must be limited
to commercial offenders.
0 Votes
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Why not accept it?
John L. Ries 31st Mar 2009
1. It's a needless complexity in the legal precendents that defense lawyers can use to get their guilty clients (like Jaynes) out of jail.

2. I see the potential to use it to invalidate other laws restricting "speech", like the local noise and litter ordinances previously alluded to, or maybe even anonymous political donations (money is "speech", after all, especially when privately delivered by lobbyists, along with their "petitions").

Mostly, I see it as a distortion of the First Amendment and I think efforts to stretch the law beyond its obvious meaning are always dangerous.
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Interestingly enough...
John L. Ries Updated - 31st Mar 2009
Posting notices on telephone poles is actually illegal where I live (it's considered littering), and as I've gotten older, I've come more and more to the conclusion that demonstrations are much more about intimidation and punishment than they are about expression of opinions (when your employer can be picketed because you say things people don't like...). It's worse when seeking arrest becomes a form of cheap martyrdom.

The point is that there are many ways for people to express their ideas that don't require annoying or harrassing people who don't want to listen (ranging from leafletting, to renting a hall for public meetings, to going door to door, to word of mouth, to old fashioned paper mail). Automatically sending e-mail to everyone in the world with an English speaking account is not only ineffective, but annoying to the vast majority of recipients. Only so many people can come to your door during the course of a day, but you can receive thousands of unsolicited e-mails from every crackpot on the planet (all at your expense). That's why spam is a nuisance, no matter what the subject matter is.
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Nuisance, annoyance ... just isn't the test.
Don't think about it in terms of the normal,
most-of-the-time case. The law has to be
applied in extreme as well as normal cases. How
would your rule be applied when the speech is
not intended to be harrassing but to get
attention for a cause?

Misleading commercial speech can be restrained;
purely political speech is treated very very
generously. It won't be restrained because it's
annoying, because it costs someone money
(although there very well may be civil actions
for unauthorized use of network or violation of
TOS), etc.


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Spam costs money
John L. Ries Updated - 31st Mar 2009
It costs employee time, it costs personal time, and it costs money spent on commercial filters. An unfiltered inbox is almost useless nowadays because of all of the hard working "entrepreneurs" trying to people to buy their products or visit their websites. It's not quite like someone using loudspeakers to force his neighbors to listen to his favorite radio demagogue, but it is a nuisance, nonetheless.

Pity Jaynes is going to be released. I figure the chances are excellent he'll be happily spamming away again within the month (maybe he can apply for political refuge in China before the feds get around to prosecuting him).

Spam is probably the least effective means of political persuasion (certainly the one most likely to backfire) and only the most desperate "activists" are likely to try it (except for maybe anonymous smear campaigns).
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Not everyone feels as you do
AlphaSet 31st Mar 2009
"Since no one's really concerned about political
spam..."

That's not what I'm hearing eveyone else saying.

Most people, like me, are saying they don't want ANY spam. And to "us", the content is really irrelevant. We don't buy this idea that exceptions should be made for political, religious, or any other reason.

"...why not accept that the law must be limited to commercial offenders..."

Again, most people don't share your need for that distinction. Besides, half of the scams out there wouldn't be classified as "commercial", as they come in the form of "personal" e-mail from "individuals" such as the "tortured, imprisoned members of exiled royalty who desperately need your help".

The word "spam" means "unwanted". There's no such thing as "good spam". That's just insane.
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Not to mention...
John L. Ries Updated - 31st Mar 2009
...it doesn't take a lot of imagination to put a non-commercial fig leaf over commercial spam. For example...

"Click here for information on the health benefits of (your spammer's favorite dubious product here). We'll even tell you how to obtain it."

Or worse...

"We think that pornography is good for you. We even included dirty pictures in this message so you can enjoy the benefits."

Prosecutors could disprove the "non-commercial" claim, but it would be one more hoop to jump through (hopefully, someone remembered to copy that spamvertised website before it was deleted).

BTW: Since the 419s always involve fraud, they're illegal anyway (I used to fax them to the Secret Service).
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Yep. It's about CONSENT, not content.
Hallowed are the Ori 1st Apr 2009
I don't want ANY of it.

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