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Adrian Kingsley-Hughes

Can Linux on the desktop and DRM ever coexist?

By | May 31, 2011, 8:50am PDT

Summary: An interesting piece over on TechRepublic by Jack Wallen got me thinking about Linux and DRM (Digital Rights Management) - could the two ever coexist peacefully or will heavy-handedness from big corporations and fanboy prejudices work to keep the OS away from the masses?

An interesting piece over on TechRepublic by Jack Wallen got me thinking about Linux and DRM (Digital Rights Management) - could the two ever coexist peacefully or will heavy-handedness from big corporations and fanboy prejudices work to keep the OS away from the masses?

Wallen makes a compelling point:

What strikes me as strange is that (1) Linus Torvalds himself has come out to say Linux should adopt DRM and (2) DRM is not trying to make proprietary any software or keep anyone from having the software they know and love. The only thing DRM wants to do is protect the digital content created by writers, musicians, artists, and the like. There is no evil empire at work, there is no desire to cripple an open source system. There is only a desire to protect the rights and income of the creators of the work.

Wallen boils DRM down to the basics. It’s not a lock-in mechanism, it’s a protection mechanism for people’s work. It’s like a lock on a car, toolbox or home. You only see it or feel its presence when you choose to.

Note: By ‘Linux’ here both Wallen and I are of course referring to Linux distros on desktop and notebook systems and not modified versions of the Linux kernel such as Android.

Windows users make use of DRM. Mac OS users make use of DRM. iPhone users make use of DRM. Android users make use of DRM. Kindle users make use of DRM. This DRM is used to give users controlled access to protected media. DRM doesn’t have to be used to lock up the OS, and DRM doesn’t have to affect anyone who doesn’t choose to buy protected content.

As things stand right now, the only users out in the cold as far as DRM goes is Linux users.

Poll

Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?

The reality is that DRM doesn’t have to be evil (it can be, but it doesn’t have to be). It can be pretty benign stuff. 99.5% of my interaction with DRMed content problem free. I make use of iTunes, Audible, Kindle and a whole lot more and it rarely gives me grief. Problem is, the perception of DRM, especially among power users, is that it is evil. 100% evil through and through. Now, I’m not a big fan of DRM (of course there are times when I wish it wasn’t there), but I see it as a necessary evil. There are plenty of writers, musicians, artists, and so on who don’t feel comfortable releasing their works without DRM, and without an OS that supports DRM users of that platform are cut off from that content. It’s either cut the amount of digital content available massively, or live with DRM.

Now, this might not bother the hardcore Linux user, but there are plenty of people out there who would love a free operating system that would allow them to stream Netflix or read a Kindle book or run iTunes.

But …

The problem with DRM is that those that control the DRM also impose other limitations. For example, take a look at how Google is cracking down on rooted Android handsets and blocking them from Youtube’s pay-per-view service. The rooting police are here, and Google is the one waving the baton. Rooting a handset doesn’t by itself mean anything and doesn’t by itself break the DRM concerned, but Google (possibly at the behest of a third-party) is nonetheless blocking all rooted handsets.

This is the sort of thing that gives DRM a bad name.

I wonder if even with the backing of Linus Torvalds whether a DRM package (optional, of course) would ever be tolerated by the Linux masses. From my experience of the Linux community, it’ll be a really hard sell to get the hardcore Linux fans to warm to the idea of DRM even being needed on Linux, let alone being offered, optional or otherwise.

My guess is that we won’t be seeing DRM on Linux any time soon.

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Adrian Kingsley-Hughes is an internationally published technology author who has devoted over a decade to helping users get the most from technology.

Disclosure

Adrian Kingsley-Hughes

All opinions expressed on Hardware 2.0 are those of Adrian Kingsley-Hughes. Every effort is made to ensure that the information posted is accurate. If you have any comments, queries or corrections, please contact Adrian via the email link here. Any possible conflicts of interest will be posted below. [Updated: February 23, 2010] - Adrian Kingsley-Hughes has no business relationships, affiliations, investments, or other actual/potential conflicts of interest relating to the content posted so far on this blog.

Biography

Adrian Kingsley-Hughes

Adrian Kingsley-Hughes is an internationally published technology author who has devoted over a decade to helping users get the most from technology -- whether that be by learning to program, building a PC from a pile of parts, or helping them get the most from their new MP3 player or digital camera.

Adrian has authored/co-authored technical books on a variety of topics, ranging from programming to building and maintaining PCs. His most recent books include "Build the Ultimate Custom PC", "Beginning Programming" and "The PC Doctor's Fix It Yourself Guide". He has also written training manuals that have been used by a number of Fortune 500 companies.

Adrian also runs a popular blog under the name The PC Doctor, where he covers a range of computer-related topics -- from security to repairing and upgrading.

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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
rmstallman 8th Jun
It's easy to implement Digital Restrictions Management on GNU/Linux; in fact, it has already been done. But that usually means nonfree software, and that's a bad thing.

Digital Restrictions Management (DRM) refers to features that restrict what users can do with the data in their own computers. There is no obstacle to implementing such restrictions in a free/libre program -- and no obstacle to removing the restrictions, either, because the users are free to change the program.

Those who want to restrict us don't want us to be able to get loose. So they turn to nonfree software, software that denies freedom to its users. (See http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html.) That is what makes DRM really bad. With free software, you control the program. With nonfree software, the program controls you.

There are already nonfree programs that run on the GNU/Linux system (see http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html) and implement DRM. One example is Flash Player (gratis but not free/libre). With features for surveillance as well as DRM, Flash Player is double
malware.

So there's no doubt that this is _possible_. The question is whether it's _ethical_. I think it is not, because (1) users deserve to have control of the software they use, and (2) stopping users from sharing copies is an unjust goal anyway.

DRM is not a necessary evil -- just an evil. If the large publishers had not set up DRM systems, artists would publish without it and come to understand that sharing is good. And society would move to better ways of supporting artists financially, ways that are compatible with sharing. (See http://stallman.org/internet-sharing-license.en.html.)

You can help put the world on that path by joining DefectiveByDesign.org.

If you want to access encrypted media, there's only one ethical way to do it: with free/libre software. Unjust regimes such as the US have unjust laws such as the DMCA that impose censorship on this software, but they haven't succeeded in getting rid of it. More importantly, these laws don't make that free software bad. Rather, these laws make
themselves bad.
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We do not need DRM, computers, software or any of this electronic content.

Abandon all this useless technology now!! We can be free again if we choose to be so.
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Troll much? (nt)
Economister 31st May
@X41

NT
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
jeremychappell 31st May
@Economister That isn't fair - it's a valid point of view (you might not agree with it... but it isn't trolling).
@jeremychappell: ...forums.
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In a tech forum?
Economister Updated - 31st May
@jeremychappell

"We do not need DRM, computers, software or any of this electronic content."

COMPUTERS, SOFTWARE and ELECTRONIC CONTENT? He seems to be advocating pen and paper and perhaps analog radio and TV broadcasts.

If he posted his views with supporting reasoning, I might reconsider. Right now he is just being an idiot.
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@AHK: "Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?"

Who cares?
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I agree
Linux Geek 31st May
@X41 only M$ and greedy Steve Job$ love DRM and closed source.
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
hayneiii@... 31st May
@Linux Geek Tell that to the author that makes a living selling his books.
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@Linux Geek. It really doesn't matter who loves it or not... DRM is barely helping protect anything. People who comply with DRM have restrictions set by it, people who override DRM, can access the content without the restrictions. Just look at games, they can't even last a day before their cracked and released...

In the end, people who are legal have an inferior experience than those who aren't, and that's not only regarding to money saved.
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And yet here you are
use_what_works_4_U 31st May
@X41
Here you are making a choice to use "computers, software, (and) electronic content".

Time to, as the saying goes, eat your own dog food and go the h311 away from here. Lead by example.
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@macadam

hear hear
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
Socratesfoot 31st May
@X41 Honestly, X41's trolling aside. The problem with DRM has never been DRM itself, but the fact that companies like Microsoft have used it as a way to exclude certain content from Linux and Linux based devices and promote themselves. DRM software and decryption technology, Blue Ray, DVD CCA, 5C, etc. are owned and the owners tolerate patented technologies as long as they are easily licensed, but not necessarily cheap. Linux has always been capable of supporting these IP standards, but as an open source system nobody is going to pay royalties to some company to do it.
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
kpkeller@... 31st May
@X41 Then how did you post this comment? With a pen and paper? Oh no! Wait! With a computer.
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@X41

Ever read "Industrial Society and its Future"? It's a fascinating read. Might make you actually think twice about being sarcastic about such a serious topic. Like its author said, technology will always encroach on freedom and then a compromise will be forged, however, over time, this process will be repeated and repeated encroaches upon freedom and the subsequent compromises that follow will accumulate until technology has eventually all but eliminated freedom. Like the paradox by Zeno about crossing a distance by repeatedly covering half the remaining distance, eventually you get so close to the end that any distance left between you and the end is imperceptible.
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
jeremychappell 31st May
The problem is DRM runs counter to the very idea that inspired the GNU project. RMS first became disillusioned with closed source software because he had a problem with a printer (probably something slightly exotic - I think it was actually a plotter or some kind, but my memory is sketchy). He contacted the manufacturer about the bug, but they weren't going to fix it (again, my memory is sketchy, but I think it was a product that they no longer manufactured). So being a programmer RMS said, "fine, I'll fix it myself - send me the code"... As you can imagine, they wouldn't send him this code and a perfectly good (and quite expensive) plotter couldn't be fixed. RMS felt that closed source software was "evil" and decided be build a free alternative... The FSF and the GNU project were born.

For RMS any and all closed source software is tainted (and unacceptable). But how do you implement an open source DRM system? (In short - you can't) Now before you run away thinking RMS is "wrong" think about what might happen with a closed video player... Imagine it's DRM system was compromised, the keys discovered, whatever. New video players might implement an additional new DRM system, one that was still "secure", and new content issued would require this new DRM... Where does that leave you with your old video player that is no longer supported? Same place as RMS was with his printer (plotter - maybe).

While I can see that content providers should be paid for their work, DRM can seriously disadvantage end-users.
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
mrlinux Updated - 31st May
@jeremychappell You very well can implement an open source DRM system. Examples GPG, Ubuntu uses a key store for WIFI SSID/Password settings. The issue is the Content owners want everyone to pay for the content for each and every device you use (DVD/CD/MP3), they do not want anyone to be able to back up their content or say create a media server @ home with all the DVD's on a hard drive.

Oh, I forgot some DVD and BluRay players are running Linux
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The issue is the Content owners want everyone to pay for the content for each and every device you use (DVD/CD/MP3), they do not want anyone to be able to back up their content or say create a media server @ home with all the DVD's on a hard drive.

That's because they want you to pay for the same song (or the same album) over & over again. That's what makes DRM inherently evil. It's strips away your "fair use" rights that the Supreme Court codified into law back in the 80s.
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GPG is all or nothing
Michael Kelly 31st May
@mrlinux

GPG will protect the content from everyone except the intended recipient. Once that recipient gets it and decodes it, there are no further protections. That recipient has full use of the sent file. It does not restrict what hardware the recipient uses nor does it prevent the recipient from sending the file to another recipient once decoded.

DRM prevents the intended recipient from full access to the file sent. Depending on the restrictions placed, he may not send it to another recipient, he may not edit it or convert it to another format, and he may not be able to keep it forever.
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
jeremychappell 31st May
@mrlinux How do you stop someone changing the player to not require the valid key?!
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@jeremychappell Oh, come on now, this is kind of disingenuous, one can not realistically expect a company to support obsolete peripherals or software. As for the DRMed player that becomes obsolete? Download a new one. If you bought a player that didn't offer free upgrades, well, you should have taken into account that the only constant is that things change.
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
jeremychappell Updated - 31st May
@bigsibling That's lovely - until it's your device, then it sucks.

Plus, RMS feels this way i I didn't say it was my view. Actually RMS was happy to do the support himself, but the closed nature of the software stopped him doing that.
@bigsibling

one can not realistically expect a company to support obsolete peripherals or software.

That is really RMS's exact point. He wasn't expecting the manufacturer to continue supporting the product - he was willing to do his own support, he simply needed the source code to do so. The closed nature of the software made this impossible. Suddenly he had a very expensive piece of hardware that could no longer work, not because of anything wrong with the hardware, but because the manufacturer chose to no longer support it, nor allow anyone else to "open the hood" to support themselves.

If you bought a player that didn't offer free upgrades, well, you should have taken into account that the only constant is that things change.

Well, in your perfect world, I guess all consumers know up-front whether or how long a company will continue to support them after they've made a purchase. Unfortunately, in the real world, there are too many instances where you simply have no way to know until you get burned.

Next time I run over you with my car, I'll make sure everyone knows it was your fault for not taking into account that I might be drunk or not have a license.
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@jeremychappell The problem is that some people continue to view Linux as an "idea" or as I term it, software as politics. As someone else put it, "It's an operating system, not a lifestyle."

The only ones being disadvantaged today are Linux users. There isn't much comparison between open driver/interface specs and DRM. Opening specifications is a lot different than opening CONTENT. As such, we Linux users can't stream netflix, purchase movies from Amazon, or a lot of other things that most computer users today can enjoy. The shift to content being distributed electronically seems to be accelerating with no end in sight and may ultimately be the norm for most books/music/movies/software. If that's the case it will be a major obstacle to Linux acceptance (which, perversely, some Linux advocates are happy with).

I for one would love to have these services available for Linux and would welcome the DRM with open arms. I'm glad Linus Torvalds remains the sensible voice of Linux, as opposed to Stallman's radical/extremist views.
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Message has been deleted.
LoverockDavidson Updated - 1st Jun
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
LoverockDavidson 1st Jun
No they can't exist because they are on two different sides of the spectrum. The pure linuxists do not want DRM.
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Aren't Android and Kindle forms of Linux?
Michael Kelly Updated - 31st May
Obviously they can and do coexist. I have no trouble imagining that Chrome OS will introduce DRM to Linux desktops.

However if you are referring to the traditional Linux desktops, yes it can also coexist if users want it, however I am not sure they do. My primary home computer is a Linux desktop (Kubuntu) and the only major things I am missing on it are Netflix and Hulu, however generally prefer to watch these videos on the big screen TV, which has an XBox and BluRay player, both of which support Netflix and Hulu (the BluRay also supports YouTube). So DRM is not an issue for me mainly because I have other (better) methods of getting DRMed material.
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@Michael Kelly Chrome OS is a figment of Google's imagination. If they ever release it, it will be come as wide spread as DR-DOS
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Well Adrian you asked and answered your own question
"Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?"
"Android users make use of DRM" Android is a Linux derivative so the answer is YES.
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@mrlinux I agree, as well as pretty much every set top box like Tivo, Roku, etc.
@mrlinux
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
use_what_works_4_U 31st May
@denisrs
Then why can't I view Netflix on a Linux based PC? That is the *only* thing keeping from switching one of my systems over completely at this point.
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
use_what_works_4_U 31st May
@denisrs
Then why can't I view Netflix on a Linux based PC? That is the *only* thing keeping from switching one of my systems over completely at this point.
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DRM infected content is quickly becoming a "don't care". You think, really, with

http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20061454-264.html
? There have been 100 million Android device activations.
? A total of 310 Android devices have gone on sale.
? There are 36 phone makers, 215 carriers, and 450,000 Android developers.
? The phones are available in 112 countries.


The content providers have 2 choices.
1) Ignore ALL these devices and go out of business
2) Give in an offer content without mandated OS DRM (it will simply have to be in the app itself where there are no restrictions so long as they don't attempt to use any GPLed software).

Hey, if Amazon via Kindle can do it, and DRMed music (except subscription), well who would be silly enough to buy the infected copy, the last bastion of corruption (Movie studios) will simply have to cave.
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Only if the Content owners and suppliers are willing to actually provide Linux applications that are able to access their oh so valuable property! You might have noticed that there is no version of Adobe Digital Editions for Linux, the same is true for secured sound recording from the public library! Yes there are torturous work arounds that you can use, but non-of the DRM provider have shown any interest in supplying a way for Linux users to access their content, other than use Windows or a Mac!
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Many seem to limit their view and discussion on DRM to music, video and games scenarios, but there is more to life. Most businesses use DRM routinely to imit documents with company secrets (or HR sensitive issues) - that needs to reach a distributed audience - from being copied/forwarded to people who shouldn't have them. Without support for that Linux/OSS will never be a serious alternative for many businesses.
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The DRM is in the applications.
BobsYourUnclw 31st May
@dotwhynot
Not at the OS level. That's the problem, the next best DRM invention will finally, once and for all, eliminate all piracy. This was the "protected pipe" found embedded in the OS with Vista. See, the content providers want to control the OS and eliminate the ability to "trap streams" to video cards, etc. The problem is they want to corrupt the OS itself. I have no problem with DRM in the kindle app, or the coming Netflix app using 100% proprietary on a Linux app.

They still believe that they can prevent content from being out there. They don't realize that they simply have to make it annoying enough for the 98% who want the content to not bother with a torrent over 3 days, burn a disk, deal with malware, etc.
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@BobsYourUnclw You need OS to support/not making it easy to circumvent blocking of taking screenshots of a protected document, copy/paste from it, etc. I don't see DRM in itself as a good approach or business model to fight piracy, I believe more in fighting it with convenience and value (like Spotify and Kindle do). Just saying that DRM is much more than usually discussed.
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
Aussie_Troll 31st May
what can linux coexist with ?

Really ??? nothing !

Can linux and consistency coexist ?
Can linux and functionality coexist ?
Can linux and Fanboisism (not) coexist ?

What about linux and stability
linux and features.

linux and professional support ?


Linux just does not do "coexist"...
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Message has been deleted.
sackbut Updated - 1st Jun
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
jeremychappell 31st May
@Aussie_Troll

Consistency? It's overrated. Linux allows several ideas to coexist and users choose between them.

Functionality? Linux provides a solid base and can be used to create everything from embedded systems to supercomputers.

Fanboisism? [sic] Can anything?
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https://market.android.com/details?id=com.netflix.mediaclient

So really, DRM in the OS, more proof it is a don't care.
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Yes, but no - not really!
use_what_works_4_U 31st May
@BobsYourUnclw
IF you have a specific phone. Works great on the Evo, but it's not even available for my Evo Shift! Since these are both Sprint phones, I would really like someone to explain why the disparity?

Fragmentation like that is a serious issue!
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Did some digging.
BobsYourUnclw 31st May
@macadam
They are rolling it out based on both flash version and processor speed/chipsets The shift is numerically slower (but indeed faster). Sorry if I jumped the gun. There are "hacked" apps in the meantime but I never link or recommend them. I would expect it very soon.
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DRM doesn't work.
CobraA1 31st May
Regardless of the philosophy behind DRM - it just plain doesn't work, period. The bits have to be decrypted at some point. Unless computers are changed at a fundamental level, you can't have unbreakable DRM in them.

. . . and FYI, DRM has pretty much lost the battle. The people who claimed that DRM was a "necessary evil" were proven liars. iTunes proved that when the music industry gave up and just made all of the music DRM free.
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
jeremychappell 31st May
@CobraA1 I agree - and fundamentally the ideas behind Linux (and the GNU project more generally) cannot be reconciled (the point I probably failed to make before).
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I only buy DRM free music downloads.
Been_Done_Before 31st May
I strip all movies of all DRM. I use it fairly and do not sell or remarket the material. Thats just the way it is and how i feel about the matter.

I bought it and i can use it the way it works for me. So sorry.
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DRM are evil
Mectron 31st May
DRM are illegal to start with. why whould anyone whould want linux to be poluted by maleware?
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Out of the shadows
lars626 31st May
I like Linux. I use it when I can. It needs to come into the daylight.
I don't have a problem with DRM if it was implemented as just DRM, but too often it is not.
As I see it Linux has two main problems.
1. The corporate types see it as being in a constant state of anarchy.
2. The Linux zealots don't seem to understand that they are feeding the misunderstanding.
Sort of like Republicans and Democrats these days. Those of us in the middle are getting REALLY tired of all the wothless noise.
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RE: Can Linux and DRM ever coexist?
anothercanuck 31st May
It all boils down to trust. The entities that use DRM don't trust anyone, hence their desire for DRM. Those entities will not want to give any specifics about their DRM workings to any open-source programmer without a contract. Apple, Google and MS, and others, lawyers spend months, if not years negotiating contracts with DRM holders.

So from the DRM holders prespective, even with a contract, if the software is to be open-source, other people, that have not signed a contract, i.e. untrust-worthy, could view the source, so the DRM entities will never go for that. Even if it was proven beyond any doubt that viewing/modifying the source would not allow a person to bypass content DRM, entities like the RIAA will never agree to release any info to the masses, because, in their eyes, none of us can be trusted.

From a open-source perspective, and for people in general, many despise DRM not because of what is, which as Adrian says "It?s like a lock on a car, toolbox or home.", but because of what it assumes, which is everyone is untrustworthy and most likely a criminal, too.
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It cuts both ways.
peter_erskine@... 31st May
The seller of the copyrighted work should not run any tracking or spyware and should not retain any database information about the user (or credit cards) once the transaction is done. But how many of the sellers honour these principles? Almost none I reckon.
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It's easy to implement Digital Restrictions Management on GNU/Linux; in fact, it has already been done. But that usually means nonfree software, and that's a bad thing.

Digital Restrictions Management (DRM) refers to features that restrict what users can do with the data in their own computers. There is no obstacle to implementing such restrictions in a free/libre program -- and no obstacle to removing the restrictions, either, because the users are free to change the program.

Those who want to restrict us don't want us to be able to get loose. So they turn to nonfree software, software that denies freedom to its users. (See http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html.) That is what makes DRM really bad. With free software, you control the program. With nonfree software, the program controls you.

There are already nonfree programs that run on the GNU/Linux system (see http://www.gnu.org/gnu/linux-and-gnu.html) and implement DRM. One example is Flash Player (gratis but not free/libre). With features for surveillance as well as DRM, Flash Player is double
malware.

So there's no doubt that this is _possible_. The question is whether it's _ethical_. I think it is not, because (1) users deserve to have control of the software they use, and (2) stopping users from sharing copies is an unjust goal anyway.

DRM is not a necessary evil -- just an evil. If the large publishers had not set up DRM systems, artists would publish without it and come to understand that sharing is good. And society would move to better ways of supporting artists financially, ways that are compatible with sharing. (See http://stallman.org/internet-sharing-license.en.html.)

You can help put the world on that path by joining DefectiveByDesign.org.

If you want to access encrypted media, there's only one ethical way to do it: with free/libre software. Unjust regimes such as the US have unjust laws such as the DMCA that impose censorship on this software, but they haven't succeeded in getting rid of it. More importantly, these laws don't make that free software bad. Rather, these laws make
themselves bad.

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