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Hardware 2.0

Adrian Kingsley-Hughes

Toyota's Prius problems: Software, hardware and the future of motoring

By | February 4, 2010, 8:26am PST

Summary: Chances are you’ve already heard about the problems that Toyota Prius owners have been having with their hybrid cars. As cars get more complex, and computers control more of the vital systems, are problems like this the future of motoring?

Updated: Chances are you’ve already heard about the problems that Toyota Prius owners have been having with their hybrid cars. As cars get more complex, and computers control more of the vital systems, are problems like this the future of motoring?

There’s an old joke about how if Microsoft made cars, they’d crash twice a day for no reason. Ha ha ha ha … but as we integrate more hardware and software controls into vehicles, it’s likely that software issues will become more common-place.

Take the Prius. This vehicle seems to have both a braking issue and some problem that causes the vehicle to accelerate unintentionally. Updated 2/5/10: Toyota’s president apologized Friday for the carmaker’s massive global recalls,  stopping short of a Prius recall.

Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak spoke out about this problem the other day:

“I don’t get upset and teed off at things in life, except computers that don’t work right … Toyota has this accelerator problem we’ve all heard about. Well, I have many models of Prius that got recalled, but I have a new model that didn’t get recalled. This new model has an accelerator that goes wild, but only under certain conditions of cruise control. And I can repeat it over and over and over again - safely.

“This is software. It’s not a bad accelerator pedal. It’s very scary, but luckily for me, I can hit the brakes.”

The problem is, as we all know as geeks, is that all software contains bugs, and sometimes these bugs can be very tricky to shake out, especially on a system as complex as a car where the software is having to process input from a vast array of sensors. Throw into the equation factors such as driving style, weather conditions, terrain and wear and tear and you really do have the perfect recipe for bugs.

Another issue that’s going to become troublesome is updates. With a PC, updating software is as easy as sending the new files over the Internet. Cars, on the other hand, need a visit to the dealer. It’s likely that at some point in the future cars will be updated automatically using WiFi, but for now, when a company has a problem such as the Prius has with the braking system, tracking down and upgrading all the cars is a nuisance for both maker and owner.

Another problem facing car makers is that failure can’t be catastrophic failure (or at least that’s the best way to avoid lawsuits). If there’s some kind of glitch in a key system such as the brakes (or steering when that becomes controlled by-wire), you want that to sort itself out as quickly as possible. There’s no time for rebooting. Developing systems that are resistant to locking up and crashing (pardon the pun) isn’t easy, and isn’t cheap. But if this is the route that car makers are going to go down, it’s something that has to be done. If nothing else, it avoids hefty recall costs (Toyota’s recall costs for the Prius are estimated to be in the region of $2 billion). It pays to get it right.

Cars have a long way to go before they are truly smart. I expect we’ll see more problems like the ones facing the Prius before things get better.

Toyota recall information can be found here.

Anyone out there own a problem-plagued Prius?

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Adrian Kingsley-Hughes is an internationally published technology author who has devoted over a decade to helping users get the most from technology.

Disclosure

Adrian Kingsley-Hughes

All opinions expressed on Hardware 2.0 are those of Adrian Kingsley-Hughes. Every effort is made to ensure that the information posted is accurate. If you have any comments, queries or corrections, please contact Adrian via the email link here. Any possible conflicts of interest will be posted below. [Updated: February 23, 2010] - Adrian Kingsley-Hughes has no business relationships, affiliations, investments, or other actual/potential conflicts of interest relating to the content posted so far on this blog.

Biography

Adrian Kingsley-Hughes

Adrian Kingsley-Hughes is an internationally published technology author who has devoted over a decade to helping users get the most from technology -- whether that be by learning to program, building a PC from a pile of parts, or helping them get the most from their new MP3 player or digital camera.

Adrian has authored/co-authored technical books on a variety of topics, ranging from programming to building and maintaining PCs. His most recent books include "Build the Ultimate Custom PC", "Beginning Programming" and "The PC Doctor's Fix It Yourself Guide". He has also written training manuals that have been used by a number of Fortune 500 companies.

Adrian also runs a popular blog under the name The PC Doctor, where he covers a range of computer-related topics -- from security to repairing and upgrading.

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RE: Toyota Prius problems - Is this the future of motoring?
lackneramanda 6th Jun
When I was facing Toyota Prius battery problems and was not able to spend a lot for a replacement battery for my old and used headlight bulb, I found a guide on the net. This guide gave me instructions to rebuild my existing battery at home. Toyota Prius battery problems can be solved at home by making worthy use of this guide. It is very clear with its instructions and is very user friendly.
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Don't want too smart
Economister 4th Feb 2010
I like to understand how my car works. I do not want anything "by wire", with the exception of electronic fuel injection - with a fail safe fall back.

I like to open the hood and know what I am looking at. I like to check/repair my own brakes and do other basic maintenance. I prefer to decide which gear to be in. I do not like ABS, I can modulate my brakes if I lock up a wheel or two.

I guess that is why I drive old cars and intend to continue to do so for as long as I possibly can. And old Toyota's are great.
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If you are considering the purchase of an electric car, you need to be realistic about their benefits. They've come a long way recently but they still have some significant disadvantages like modifiying or putting some additional parts like spectra radiators, and there are still limitations to their use and wide spread availability.
When I was facing Toyota Prius battery problems and was not able to spend a lot for a replacement battery for my old and used headlight bulb, I found a guide on the net. This guide gave me instructions to rebuild my existing battery at home. Toyota Prius battery problems can be solved at home by making worthy use of this guide. It is very clear with its instructions and is very user friendly.
...86' Diesel Landcruiser is enough technology and vehicle for my liking. happy

I don't think you can buy a modern vehicle without getting an extended warranty and I don't trust dealerships.
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Typo alert: Not a breaking issue
The Mentalist 4th Feb 2010
It's a braking issue.
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Its a breaking issue
John Zern 4th Feb 2010
As in Breaking News ...
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You beat me to it and I misposted
Economister 4th Feb 2010
Better luck next time
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Excellent, problem solved for both Toyota and Prius owners.
for weeks.

So it's either a typo or a failed attempt at being 'creative'.
You get that here.
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Editor
Typo fixed...
David Grober 5th Feb 2010
...thanks!
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Could be a......
Economister 4th Feb 2010
breaking braking issue wink
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That's more like it because...
The Mentalist 4th Feb 2010
if they see the issue as news problem instead of a technical one then we have a much bigger problem to solve.

People in Moscow and Beijing tend to see things that way but Toyota is Japanese so...
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simple solution
Linux Geek 4th Feb 2010
just open source the code so millions of eyes can spot the bugs and geeks can even customize the code and give people more choices for driving styles.
When I was a kid I loved to occasionally drive with my feet, now imagine what I would have been able to do if I got a car customized to that driving style.
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Yeah
bobiroc 4th Feb 2010
that will solve it. Thanks for your wonderful insight. You know because Toyota does not already have qualified people or resources to find these people on their own. Just open the code so anyone can grab it and modify it and possibly use it for malicious purposes.

When are you going to realize that open code is not all it is cracked up to be and not the answer to the worlds problems.
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OK, you first
aep528 5th Feb 2010
Let me update your car with my special version
that adds a 10x multiplier to the accelerator
and sets the ABS to release the brakes 10
milliseconds after application.

Sorry, but I do not want anything other than
manufacturer approved software in my car. It
may not be bug free, but do you really want to
download unique software into your car that
will never be tested anywhere else?
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And we all saw how well Forbes did running for President pitching a flat tax and...nothing else.

On a practical level, we live in a country where seat belts are mandatory because the insurance companies didn't want any undue risk to their bottom lines...where do you think they'd stand on THIS issue?
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at all of those turd brown cars because it was too hard to change the default color.

happy LOL!!
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Auto-Update! I hope not!
bump911 4th Feb 2010
"It?s likely that at some point in the future cars will be updated automatically using WiFi"

If that happens, it would only open the door to hacks to install software to control the car & reek all kinds of havoc. We don't know how to secure systems well enuf to allow that. I'd rather make the trip to the dealer.
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Even the dealer would ...
Economister 4th Feb 2010
update your auto, therefore it would also be an auto-update wink
could be dropping in malware at his/her leisure.
This is the kind of application that has to be proprietary. Probably why Ford and Kia went with Microsoft.
We do it everyday on Windows computers, Linux computers, etc. and there are very few, if any, problems with the OS itself because of that.

The REAL issue is that you would have to make sure that someone from outside the network could NOT change files on the servers that you were using to 'push' the software to everyone..... as Download.com has been pretty well able to do that.
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Good tune. nt
xuniL_z 5th Feb 2010
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Blown out of proportion...
BillDem 4th Feb 2010
When I owned Chrysler, Ford, and GM vehicles, (never again) there were massive recalls every month. Toyota has one big recall and everyone freaks out. Hey news media... get over this already. Toy is fixing the issue for everyone who needs it. The world will keep spinning. I don't even own a Toyota (own two Acuras) and I think this is just a slow-media-day witch hunt. I think it's great that Toyota is putting their customers first by stopping all sales and devoting all resources to fixing it asap. It's exactly what a great car company SHOULD do. Kudos Toyota.
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Blown out of proportion
bobiroc 4th Feb 2010
Well all I have owned is GM Vehicles and not one has had a "massive" recall and not one has broken down to the point of leaving me stranded anywhere. My entire family owns a GM car mainly because we get an employee discount. I agree Toyota makes reliable vehicles as well do other auto makers but I find that many people blow recalls out of proportion no matter who makes the car. The reason this is getting so much news is because it can be a very dangerous problem.

All car companies have their problems and it all depends on how they handle and treat their customers.

That being said I do not agree with this article and its implying we should expect these types of things from car makers as the future rolls in. It should be a rare case just as this is with Toyota.
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Not quite...
jamerican413 Updated - 5th Feb 2010
Bill, are you aware that Toyota has actually had reports of this problem for going on two years and that there have been deaths and lawsuits because of it? Toyota has been non-responsive and denying that they had a problem. THAT'S why it's such a big deal.
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The level of automated computer control in cars today is still nothing compared to military jets from the 80's.

It is not a matter of software having bugs, it is a matter of Toyota being cheap in their engineering because they are trying to scale up too fast.

Reliable software is possible, you just have to invest the proper resources to make it and don't expect it to be cheap or have a ton of fancy features.

There is a huge difference between the software development processes for cheap desktop software, and the processes for life critical systems. Most life critical software systems are coded in ADA, the testing is incredibly thorough, and the requirements are very limiting.

Things like drive by wire can be done in hardware. There is no rebooting an AND gate.
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See what NASA has to say about it here: http://sw-assurance.gsfc.nasa.gov/disciplines/safety/index.php#idSafetyCriticalSoftware

Also, it's not just military jets that are fly-by-wire. If you have flown on a Boeing 777 or any Airbus aircraft, then you have already trusted your life to software (most of you without even knowing it). If it's good enough for a 777 then it's good enough for a Prius.

But those of you saying "open source it" are out of your minds. This is a case where you really do not want anyone who has downloaded Eclipse to be able to modify the software. And WiFi updates? Right; then I have to worry about security, encryption, etc....on my car. How about terrorism? Just imagine if all cars had open source software and did WiFi updates. Just imagine the fun a terrorist could have with a laptop and some malicious code sitting on an overpass on a busy interstate. That's a worry I do not need. Its a case where safety and security really does need to trump "openness".
Because it's difficult to find an up-to-date ADA compiler on newer hardware chips today. The language was too heavily advertised for embedded systems, and its development for the "basic" software world was neglected. Too bad.

However, even if software for critical systems is often coded in C today, it is never hand-coded C for critical systems. There
....There are some D0 178-A compliant software tools which generate level A C code with a flowchart specification.
Money is important - DO THE SOFTWARE RIGHT!
People are expendible - Do the software CHEAP!
sad
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You joking?
Lerianis10 6th Feb 2010
The banks have had these problems as well, so I don't know where you are getting that bunk from.
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What if it's industrial espionage?
djchandler Updated - 4th Feb 2010
The number one world-wide auto manufacturer targeted to shrink their market share isn't too far-fetched, is it?

Edit: Toyota is #1 in the US. VW is currently #1 world-wide.

Other than the fact that people have actually died in this case, it could be a plot line for a novel. Someone compromises Toyota's drive-by-wire software by patching firmware with conditional subroutines. Included is a random number generator to obfuscate any attempt to diagnose with mechanics' and engineers' diagnostic hardware and software. Then suppose they also compromise the "black box" data so it only regurgitates data that's also been patched to cover any incidents.

This doesn't seem implausible to me, but I am not knowledgeable about the specific process. Also I'll leave the antagonist's motive, aside from the aforementioned market share, to someone else.
That this could have actually happened. Heck, we've had malware pre-installed on hard drives from Western Digital, Maxtor, etc..... why couldn't malware be pre-installed in car computers?

It's a scary thought, and that is one thing they might want to be taking a serious look into.
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Gee I have a Prius and everything works
tonymcs@... 4th Feb 2010
But that's not gonna make the media feeds.
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HArry continues to delete post
Richard Flude 4th Feb 2010
Following the example set by his climatic researchers;-)
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Ubuntu doesn't crash
pacomoreano@... 4th Feb 2010
Hey, where's the Ubuntu guy yelling at everyone that it doesn't crash?. Maybe he can compile his own Ubuntu distro in his car and make his day.

Open source cars?. Pimp my ride mr Ubuntu!.
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Maybe not
Cylon Centurion 4th Feb 2010
But when something goes wrong (And it will), you're own your own with fixing it.
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Anyone watch CNN Wolf Blitzer yesterday?
Randalllind Updated - 5th Feb 2010
There was a lady reporter that said she had problems with her brakes for a year and a half stopping at slow speeds. She call and been getting the run around saying it not a problem etc etc.

She called this week as a CNN reporter and they admited to the issue and she got a top person to call her back and said sorry and now she is getting help.

Moral of the story if you are some one you can get action a nobody nothing. This is bad PR.

http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/us/2010/02/05/yellin.prius.problem.cnn?hpt=C2
Cars are becoming more complicated but nothing compared to aircraft and the consequence of a failure is much less in a car so car engineers can clearly do better.
...then hit the brakes...when the accelerator sticks? Obviously not.

The REAL problem is that the vast majority of people on the planet have no clue about how to drive a car. Most simply AIM one...and very poorly at that.
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do you suggest stick shift?
Linux Geek Updated - 5th Feb 2010
or a clutch....that is so unamerican!
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Hey numbnuts...an automatic transmission can be put into neutral also, while the car is in motion.

Why don't you move on to the Hanna Montana web site, and leave this place alone? Please?
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Would you care for a suggestion?
djcoderman 5th Feb 2010
On where to put your stick shift, that is? I have several recommendations for you.
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I would NEVER buy a car with an automatic. You lose too much control to the machine. The way I drive, I need to feel the machine not be a passanger in the drivers seat.

Ceding control to anyone or anything is Un-American. =D
to keep both hands on the wheel because of all the angry idiots on the road today.
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Depressing the clutch is too easy and most would do that on instinct.

Unfortunately Toyota doesn't make any manual cars anymore as far as I know. Maybe the new LFA but that's $400k for something would be embarrassed by a Porsche Turbo.

Regardless, the best solution is to get another brand. Toyota is having too many problems and it seems to affect everything not just the recalled vehicles.

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