Landmark case? University Vs Former student, cadaver 'Bernie'

By | February 14, 2012, 3:09am PST

Summary: A student has taken her former university to the Supreme Court over free speech rights.

A former University of Minnesota science student’s appeal to the Supreme Court has resulted in the university defending their decision to discipline the student over Facebook status messages.

The Minnesota Supreme Court heard arguments last week concerning how much freedom of speech a student is entitled to on social networks — and therefore whether the academic institution was justifiable in its actions of disciplining the student Amanda Tatro after she posted about her lab cadaver on Facebook.

Statements were written on her Facebook profile in 2009. Among the remarks were:

“Who knew embalming lab was so cathartic! I still want to stab a certain someone in the throat with a trocar though.”

A trocar is an instrument used to drain body cavities before it goes under the embalming process, and ‘a certain someone’, in the frequent practice of indirect and emotional Facebook statuses, was apparently a former boyfriend who had broken up with her the night before.

Among other messages, Tatro referenced her cadaver as ‘Bernie’, that she took out ‘aggression’ on the corpse, and she was ‘updating her Death List #5′ whilst hiding the instrument ‘under her sleeve’ during lab sessions. She expressed sadness at ‘losing her best friend Bernie’ and also implied she had stashed away a lock of his hair.

Once the university viewed the messages through another mortuary student’s reports, they disciplined her. Tatro’s grade dropped from a C+ to an F, she was made to enroll in an ethics course, write an apologetic letter and also has to undergo a psychiatric evaluation. Tatro was also placed on academic probation in the last year of study as an undergraduate.

The former student took the matter to the Court of Appeals, and after losing the case, asked the state Supreme Court to review it. The university wishes to defend its decision to discipline her; Tatro views the matter as a violation of her rights to free speech.

Tatro’s attorney, Jordan Kushner, stated that the student was off campus when the remarks were made, the cadaver was not identified by its true name, and no procedures were described in detail — something that student rules forbid. Therefore, “It would not be constitutionally reasonable for the university to restrict that speech,” according to Kushner.

It may have begun with a simple Facebook status update, but social networks are finding themselves more frequently being discussed in courts across the West. This is the first Facebook and First Amendment case that the Minnesota Supreme Court has reviewed, and has the potential to become a landmark case that could alter the current, blurred rules concerning social media and free speech rights.

This goes beyond academic prerogatives and Facebook — instead, this ruling could set a standard for how universities are able to punish students for activities off-campus. Due to this, both civil liberties and higher education groups have joined the battle, adding momentum to the fight. Filing support for each side, each viewpoint believes the case will have damaging side effects if the other wins.

To the former student and supportive civil liberty organisations, the case may define free student speech of campus — although in any terms, attempting to regulate every form of speech while a student is contractually bound to a university would be extremely difficult. Currently, no higher education groups have stated their support for the student.

The university and their backing higher education groups are more concerned over safety and professional standards, no matter where a code of conduct has been violated. If the academic institution lose the battle, it could mean that students cannot have their grades lowered or be punished for what is considered to be breaking codes of conduct if they are not on campus grounds.

The case will be decided within the next few months.

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London-based medical anthropologist Charlie Osborne is a journalist, graphic designer and former teacher.

Disclosure

Charlie Osborne

I have no current affiliations or relationships that are worth noting.

Biography

Charlie Osborne

Charlie Osborne, Medical Anthropologist who studied at the University of Kent, UK, is a journalist, graphic designer and former teacher.

After studying Anthropology at university, she spent several years travelling and working across Europe and the Middle East, living for periods of time in Italy and Spain. She has been involved in the running of several businesses ranging from University media and events to b2b sales, and works currently as a freelance website designer and mobile development specialist.

She has particular interests in social media, intellectual property law, data protection and online hacker organisations.

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While i agree
thx-1138_@... Updated - 18th Feb
.. the girl was simply engaging in some typical, light hearted, student funny business, i still think the girl's actions in this case were disrespectful to the deceased's memory.

Let's make it clear, the University is a custodian not only of it's students and staff but of all things related to its image in the community its serves. Unfortunately for the student involved, that includes respectful treatment of the cadavers used.

Many tend to forget that was once a living, animate, thinking, sentient person like you and I. That person made a conscious and noble decision to donate their body to scientific research. In the student's case (in all cases where dealing with the deceased), at least have the decency to respect that and not dishonor the sacrifice someone made for your learning advantage, educational betterment and the advancement of the sciences in general.

Sincerely.
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I hope she wins
wolf_z 14th Feb
Of course her posts were over the top, but schools, colleges, et al have to learn they have severe limits on how they control the thoughts and free speech of their students off campus.

Besides, if I understand correctly, she is *paying* them to teach her. That makes them *her* employees...
@wolf_z By that definition, i would hope the IRS doesn,t pick up on that!
@Dameadows why not. Then student loans would then be a much larger deduction.
@wolf_z
Just to remind you, freedom of speech ONLY applies to the government. The US Constitution doesn't say that no one can abridge your freedom of speech it only says that the government can't abridge it.

Once you get past the government, there's all sorts of restrictions on speech that are 100% legal within the bounds of the US Constitution. Such as, you can't swear at your boss and not expect to get fired, you can't insult the company you work for in public without repurcussions, etc. A school can do whatever it wants to a student if they violate the bounds of good taste, morality, stupidity etc. in a public forum because it's not working under the auspices of government.
@BrewmanNH
Whether they operate under the auspices of the government depends. If it is a state sponsered school, then they operate under the total control of the governmet. Just one more point. There is a world of difference between studying at a school and working at a job. May be a bad analogy???
@BrewmanNH Not exactly. It exists absolutely when it comes to the
government (with certain reasonable constraints) but it does apply
to schools when they choose to interact with the public in various ways.

Schools operate under certain rules.
1) To be certified such that their students may receive grants & loans.
2) For tax reasons schools submit to certain rules.
3) To receive funds and participate in various government sponsored events and the like they, you guess it, submit to certain rules.

So while a school may decide that do not wish to abide by certain
rules, there is a price for doing so.
@BrewmanNH

Um... University of Minnesota is a _public_ (aka Government Run) university. Public universities are run by the state government and their rules are considered state law. (And usually are determined by the state politicians.)

So, tell me again how is this not a case of the Government violating her free speech rights?
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Public universities
William Farrel 14th Feb
@eak2000
are not run by the state government. The employess are paid for by the school, not the state, nor are they considered state workers.

Public universities are funded with government money, but only if the university follows guidelines set by the government, and agree to rules and regulations set forth by the government.

And free speech has it's limits, otherwise the government couldn't arrest someone for threatening to kill the president of the US, as they would be "violating that person's freedom of speech", right?
@BrewmanNH - A state supported university can be considered to be part of "The State" and subject to Constitutional law.
@BrewmanNH The 1st Amendment: "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the government for a redress of grievances.

Sorry, it only says the GOVERNMENT shall not interfere; it does NOT address private issues. Yes, this one does indeed need to go to court. I have read AT THE PUBLIC LIBRARY things much more"dangerous" and "Threatening".

Go ahead and call your boss a jerk - yes, you might get fired, but that is a one-on-one social situation. You DO have the right to do it.
@William Farrel "Public universities are not run by the state government. The employees are paid for by the school, not the state, nor are they considered state workers."

That is state-by-state. In Hawaii, for instance, they are state workers.

(Hope this shows up near the right place!)
@wolf_z YOu are probably one of those Bozos that walk up to cops and say things like, "I pay your salary through my taxes, so you work for *me*". Truth is, that is NOT the case at all. The cop works for the City and you have to contribute to the cost of the protection they provide as a member of society. They DO NOT work for you, they work for the good of the city as a whole. By the same token, paying your tuition does NOT mean professors and admisitration staff works for you, precious.
@JoeFoerster 1st common sense statement thought so far. There are some very common sense rules about so cal free speech such as don't yell fire in a crowed building. She sounds like one very sick girl.
@wolf_z
Dude, she exercised her Freedom of Speech. The government didn't step in and squash her. The University found the comments inappropriate for a med student though, and took disciplinary action. Freedom of Speech doesn't mean Freedom from Consequences. Even if it were a state sponsored school, freedom of speech just means you can express yourself and not get thrown in jail, tortured, or executed for it. She got none of those things so I'd say she's good.
@admiraljkb The Cold Ware era comic Yakov Smirnoff used to joke:
Like America, in the Soviet Union we have Freedom of Speech.
In America, you have Freedom *After* Speech.
It's a nice difference!
@admiraljkb - and who are they to judge the appropriateness of the statements? Exactly WHAT does her statements have to do with her academic performance? THAT is what the university is being paid for; to teach her the coursework for which she enrolled. If she knows her stuff, she should get a grade appropriate to her performance, and her opinions outside of class should not enter into it.

I can see in the future a physics student going from an A to an F because he dared to voice his opinion that Obama isn't a natural born citizen or that Gingrich is a serial adulterer, or "Down with Big Brother", on his twitter feed.

She's being punished for thoughtcrime by way of her grades.
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I hope she loses...
wright_is 14th Feb
For me, it isn't so much freedom of speech, as opposed to what she alleges to have done. Whether she wrote about it on Facebook or not, keeping the hair, concealing the trocar, making death threats and "taking her agression out on the corpse" are all things that she should not have done.

The death threats are probably not really University business, as long as she wasn't talking about faculty, but the rest are all ethical breaches, regardless of whether she wrote them up on Facebook or not.

Abusing the cadaver and removing parts of it (even if only hair) are violations that she performed ON CAMPUS. That she was dumb enough to publicise it afterwards is neither here nor there.
@wright_is

True enough--assuming she actually did what she posted she did...

If you don't believe anything on Facebook you're right more often than not. happy
@wolf_z
It's an open confession. Even if she didn't do it, she'd have to get witnesses to prove it.

I can also assume the contract for the cadaver has some sort of ethics clauses to the Uni so that the family and deceased feel comfortable that the proper respect is paid. Stories like this mean that less people will donate their bodies to science.
@wright_is I agree, but she may never have really done those things. People who donate their bodies to science should have some assurance that such a gift will be treated with respect. Students who violate such a precious gift should be expelled, at the least. But the next step is to investigate. If she's found with a lock of 'Bernie's' hair, she should get the full punishment the law provides.

The university may not be able to stop her from saying what she wants on FB, but I bet they can use it as grounds to open said investigation and make her think twice before opening her big yap the next time. People can say anything they want, apparently. Politicians sure can, with acres of money provided by Corporation-Citizens. So why not spoiled-rotten college students.
@JoeFoerster - How can the university use it as grounds to open said investigation, when the university is not a law enforcement body? they can inform the police as to the contents of her facebook page (and if the police have any sense, they'll quickly move on to investigate actual crimes).
@wright_is - where they violations? One can take ones aggressions out on a corpse if the context of the related lesson deals with physically handling the corpse. I can see her taking pleasure in whacking a cadaver with various blunt objects, for example, if the lesson is to develop familiarity with post-mortem bodily trauma. If one is required to take a tissue sample, or drain a body of blood, I can understand using more than necessary force to do so without it being "inappropriate". And, she made no death threats. She expressed her hostility toward an individual using colorful language, which is not the same thing. The removal of the hair may or may not have been a violation. I don't know what the rules about such are, but even if in general it's not allowed, she might well have gotten permission from her instructor or whoever is in charge of the cadavers to do so.
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Freedom of speech...
Den2010 14th Feb
Does anyone have the misguided idea that "freedom of speech" is an unlimited liberty? There have been plenty of precedents that indicate this is just not the case.

The real issue here, it seems to me, is what is to be done about obvious breach of certain standards of behavior, in this case, a student code of conduct. If there are to be no repercussions, then the whole point of a code of conduct becomes moot. Just do whatever you want to do, because there are no consequences for anything done. On the other hand, if there are consequences, then what are they? How are they applied? This seems to be at the heart of the issue.
@Den2010 I agree with you completely. Certain professions have to maintain ethical standards, typically coded, and she seems to have breached them in spirit if not in fact. There are plenty of people who want to be coroners. We don't need people who are highly doubtful. I am pretty sure she will lose her case, if it is heard at all. Free speech is a right, but there are consequences.
@Den2010 - the question isn't whether all speech is unfettered, but who has the authority to apply fetters to speech. Facebook does not belong to the university. The university does not have standing to punish her for what she says on FaceBook, aside from suing her for slander or libel.
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Rule of two Stupids
sboverie 14th Feb
The rule of two stupids is, if you do one stupid thing then don't complicate things by doing a second stupid thing. Example of two stupids is first getting drunk and the second stupid is driving; you can be arrested for public intoxication but driving under the enfluence is worse.

In this case, the first stupid is abusing the cadaver and the second stupid is bragging about it on Facebook. Adding weird comments about wanting to use a trocar on someone, stealing a trocar and other actions were more stupid piled up on top of stupid.
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too stupids
cwallen19803@... 14th Feb
@sboverie@...
Or maybe simply posting on Facebook would be the first stupid, and posting a stuipd thing can be the second stupid.

It is definitely a case of compound stupidity. Of all the compounds that make you stupid, Facebook is right up there.
@cwallen19803@... - actually, the first stupid would be attending a modern American university...
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The heart of the issue is:
arminw 14th Feb
Whether the university has the right to control her speech when not on campus or using University equipment. This could be extended to employer and employee relationships as well. To what extent does an employer have the right to control the speech of employees when they are not on the job or acting in an official representative capacity of the employer or institution.
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Who Would Hire Her Now?
dl@... 14th Feb
Regardless of how the Minnesota Supreme Court rules, anybody who would hire this woman is now forewarned that they will have a problem child on their hands. Her behavior is, sadly, symptomatic of the childish, narcissistic, and immature (to be redundant) attitude that is sweeping the country -- reflecting the attitude of the radical right that puts me first ahead of the national welfare.
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I think it is dumb on her part to steal from the university (trocar) and brag about it on facebook. Also, what gives her the right to abuse a corpse and think it's alright to brag about it. That is not free speech, that is mental.
what a load of crap. it's called "quality control", people--or perhaps this student IS fit to be your next doctor
@jiagebusen - She's definitely fit to be my next mortician...
"Freedom is speech is not the freedom to shout 'fire!' in a crowded theatre" - the state cannot punish her for speaking her mind (and by implication, others should think carefully before so doing), but they can hold her responsible for the forseeable consequences of that speech.
That having been said, she has apparently admitted abusing human remains under her care.
My take on it is that the uni should restore any modification of her grades for what she said, apologise for it, then kick her out for abusing "Bernie".
@philculmer - And as I said about Holmes before, he should be smoking a turd in purgatory for that ridiculous ruling.

You have an absolute right to shout "Fire!" in a crowded theater, whether it's on fire or not. If it results in people being harmed, then you should expect to be punished for the harm that resulted.... but NOT for exercising your right. That's the difference between crime prevention and crime punishment. The latter is at the heart of freedom, the former is the beginning of tyranny.

Also, bear in mind, the Holmes case, wrongly decided, was about a man distributing anti-draft literature at the beginning of WWI...
Yeah, I'm waiting for Microsoft to discipline me for what I post on Facebook or elsewhere because I'm a customer of their product.

We have lost our minds. She is a CUSTOMER of the university. You don't PUNISH a customer because you don't like what they do or say unrelated to the use of your service.
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While i agree
thx-1138_@... Updated - 18th Feb
.. the girl was simply engaging in some typical, light hearted, student funny business, i still think the girl's actions in this case were disrespectful to the deceased's memory.

Let's make it clear, the University is a custodian not only of it's students and staff but of all things related to its image in the community its serves. Unfortunately for the student involved, that includes respectful treatment of the cadavers used.

Many tend to forget that was once a living, animate, thinking, sentient person like you and I. That person made a conscious and noble decision to donate their body to scientific research. In the student's case (in all cases where dealing with the deceased), at least have the decency to respect that and not dishonor the sacrifice someone made for your learning advantage, educational betterment and the advancement of the sciences in general.

Sincerely.

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