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Linux and Open Source

Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols & Paula Rooney

Google needs to clean up its Android Market malware mess

By | July 12, 2011, 3:33pm PDT

Summary: Enough is enough! Google clean up your Android Market malware mess now!

Come on! I like a lot of what Google does, but its refusal to keep malware-laden apps out of the Android Market is inexcusable.

Just today, researchers at Lookout Mobile Security spotted more variants of DroidDream malware in the Android Market. On the same day, Fortinet spotted the Zeus banking Trojan in Android.

It’s not that Android is uniquely vulnerable to malware. It’s not. In fact, Android, which is based on Linux, has not only the Linux operating system’s higher than usual resistance to attack; it also has the advantage of running applications in a Java-like virtual machine (VM), Dalvik. What all that means is that malware should actually have a great deal of trouble running on any Android device, and even if it does get on one, it should be locked in the VM where it can’t harm any other applications.

So why, does security firm Trusteer CEO Mickey Boodaei claim that mobile malware will affect more than one in twenty devices within the next two years? And, specifically that “Compared to Apple’s App Store, Android Market is the Wild West. You can’t always trust applications you download from it.

I’ll tell you why: Because Google doesn’t do an adequate job of checking programs registered for the Android Market for hostile intent and poisoned payloads before letting the public at them. When you download a malicious program, it’s going to nasty things to you. It’s that simple.

It seems like all a hacker needs to do is submit their attack program to Google for the Android Market and it gets approved. What’s that all about? You, and not Google, get to do the security and beta testing. This is insane.

The only reason we have so much malware on Android is that Google doesn’t do basic security checking. I’m not asking for much Google. Just run the applications on some test devices, see what they do, see if they grab resources and information they shouldn’t be grabbing. This isn’t rocket science. This is basic quality-assurance.

As it is, you need to report bad applications using the poorly named Report Inappropriate Apps page to Google. Even once bad applications are out in the wild, Google doesn’t seem to do a good job of tracking them down.

My job includes checking out programs for mistakes. Your job probably doesn’t. Your life certainly doesn’t. Security 101 is Google’s job, not ours.

When you download an application from Google, you should be reasonably certain that it will do what it says it will and that it won’t try to damage your system or steal your credit-card number. Is that too much to ask for Google? I don’t think so. I really don’t.

Related Stories:

Google Android Market malware problem escalates

Google overhauls Android Market for smartphones, adds bookstore

Report: Mobile malware to affect more than 1 in 20 devices within 12 to 24 months

Five reasons Android can fail

Android becomes second most popular malware haven in Q1

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Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, aka sjvn, has been writing about technology and the business of technology since CP/M-80 was the cutting edge, PC operating system

Disclosure

Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols

Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols is a freelance writer. He does not own stocks or other investments in any technology company.

Biography

Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols

Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols, aka sjvn, has been writing about technology and the business of technology since CP/M-80 was the cutting edge, PC operating system; 300bps was a fast Internet connection; WordStar was the state of the art word processor; and we liked it!

His work has been published in everything from highly technical publications (IEEE Computer, ACM NetWorker, Byte) to business publications (eWEEK, InformationWeek, ZDNet) to popular technology (Computer Shopper, PC Magazine, PC World) to the mainstream press (Washington Post, San Francisco Chronicle, BusinessWeek).

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Android Vulnerability may make Linux much easier to attack
tonyrenier Updated - 23rd Mar
While speaking with a Corporate IT Security Officer recently he discussed the ease with with apps for android can have data gathering built in (and many do).
He was also concerned about previously secure (relatively) Linux Servers and machines which could now become targets. He feels that Google's lax vetting of apps for android has really opened up a very dangerous "can of worms" and made Linux based systems as vulnerable as Windows.
He only allows Blackberry equipment at this time and their thrashing by the media gives him more comfort. He feels hackers will continue a "why bother" attitude with Blackberry.
This is second hand knowledge but I certainly won't be buying android any time soon.
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Add a bit of luck too
Rabid Howler Monkey 12th Jul
From the blog article:
"The only reason we have so much malware on Android is that Google doesn?t do basic security checking.

More than a few Android-based device mfrs and carriers have failed to provide their users with timely firmware updates. Meaning that a subset of their customers are running Android versions on their mobile devices with known vulnerabilities. If Android's popularity continues to grow, these vulnerabilities will not be ignored by the malware miscreants and exploits will be crafted just like on Windows.

Google and it's OHA partners need to fix this too.
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The android app permission system is flawless.
S. DeGarnd Updated - 13th Jul
@Rabid Howler Monkey

The only way to get malware on your android phone is to not pay attention. This has nothing to do with delayed updates.

I'm getting a bit tired of all of this. So far no program has managed to install itself on your phone. If you install from the market you can be 99% sure that it is not malware. If you look at the rating and comments before you download you can be 99.9% sure. If you check the permissions the app needs you can be 100% sure.

I have 200+ apps and no malware. Its all about installing apps using your brain. FYI I also download apps from outside the market, to be able to do this you need to vink this option in the settings first. Before you install ANY app, you will have a screen with the permissions the app wants/needs. There are even (free) programs that can revoke permissions from any app. (facebook can't read my texts messages for instance)

@Steven J. Vaughan-Nichols
"When you download an application from Google, you should be reasonably certain that it will do what it says it will and that it wont try to damage your system or steal your credit-card number. Is that too much to ask for Google? I dont think so. I really dont."

You are certain, since you can see what kind of permissions it needs. "THINK MCFLY THINK" *poking your head*

if you install a game that wants access to your google account, either revoke the access of dont install it. Simple as that.

Its not like we have infected pfds messing with our phones

EDIT: The average time an infected app is on the market is less than one and a half day. Good journalism. Perhaps try to figure out what an OPEN market means. Google however, is making sure that those apps get removed from the market. Do some research next time instead of raging senseless over some gossip you read at some blog.

Enough is enough! sjvn needs to try real journalism! (see what I just did there?)
@S. DeGarnd

Customers using older versions of Android-based devices with known vulnerabilities is well documented. Just because the malware miscreants have not yet taken advantage of these vulnerabilities to craft exploits is beside the point. It's an accident waiting to happen. Enough on the fabled invulnerability of Android or, more generally, Linux.

As far as the Android Market goes, your points on conducting a bit of research before installing an app and being aware of the permissions that an app requests, whether during or after the install, are well taken. However, users have a right to assume that apps available in Google's Android Market are free of malware. Google does not need to censor its apps as does Apple for their app store. They just need to vet the apps from a malware perspective. Another positive benefit of Google vetting apps would be that sloppy Android app devs would pay more attention to the permissions their apps request during installation and not request unneeded permissions.

Outside the Android Market? Let the buyer beware. Your points are dead on. And kudos to Google for constructing Android in such a manner that users can view an apps permissions and either abort an install or remove an app after the install.
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@S. DeGarnd They say that denial is the first step to admitting there is an problem. You act exactly like the Mac fanboys when they were first confronted by proof that Mac Defender did in fact affect the Mac platform and allowed the unwary to infest their Macs with malware.

The reason this keeps popping up - and from the SJVN of all people - is because this IS an issue. And the Android App permission system is hardly flawless.
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Good luck with that
Cylon Centurion 12th Jul
Android isn't Google's primary concern. As such, the service will suffer.

With Google branching out into every single freakin territory you can in the tech world, the supply lines will get thinner, and thinner, therefore diminishing what the comapny can do in a respectable amount of time.

Think of Nazi Germany and it's attack on the Soviet Union.
@Cylon Centurion
You are comparing competition with Nazi attacks? What do you do, work for MS?
@anono

Yes/No. I'm simply saying Google could be spreading their resources too thin. Google seems to want to be in everyone's business, but doesn't seem all that interested in "keeping up with the Jones'"
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@anono
Just saying.
@Cylon Centurion Not true at all, you see Google actually hired a bunch of people even though they knew their stock would take a hit for it... If anything they're a tech talent vacuum!
@Peter Perry

Yes, but at the same time, Google is seeing most of that talent go elsewhere.

h t t p : / / articles.cnn.com/2010-12-24/tech/ex.google.employees_1_google-chrome-user-data-target-ads?_s=PM:TECH
Wow... Another reason I am happy to have chosen the iOS world.

Don't get me wrong, I have used an Android phone for a couple weeks and it is a quality device... but if security is that lax in the store that should be trusted to get apps on your device, There is no way I want to be a user of that device OS.
How short sighted is that? Unless there's some longer term internal strategy to replace android with chrome on smartphones as well...
Remember they are building Android out of the kindness of their hearts (its open source). It is very rude of you to look a gift horse in the mouth.
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@nanderto Put down the kool aid. Google does NOTHING without thinking of making cash off of it... nothing. And Android being open source right now is a bit up in the air with Android 3x as they have not released the source code to the wild. Kinda hard to be open source without making the source code open.
@athynz
I actually wish Google would follow a strategy where they open source 3.x only after releasing 4.x and then open source 4.x after releasing 5.x. I think it would be good for consumers because if Google decided to screw with us then any other company can simply carry on development without Google and just be only one generation behind. Also, manufacturers hopefully can't integrate their crap as well if they want the latest version of the OS.
@athynz 3.2 is rolling to devices right now and I honestly think after that rolls out they will release the source code. I believe there are features they wanted to implement before putting the code out and having others creating forked feature sets the way they did with copy and paste.
Although this issue needs to be fixed, tech smarts should still apply. A quick check of what permissions an app requests which all apps state should be reviewed to see if they are relavent to the app I.e. wallpaper requiring phone call logs and internet access. (Kinda like blaming windows because you're looking at shady websites)
There are two assumptions that are wrong. Linux is no better than any other 20C OS for security and a virtual machine can have even more holes - witness Java trying to patch its bugs every week.

In the end, Android is just another simple OS with multiple versions deveoped by an advertising company - I'd start worrying if I had an Android phone wink
@tonymcs@...
You'd worry even more if Ballmer wasn't there to tell you what to use.
@tonymcs@...
"Linux is no better than any other 20C OS for security"

Wrong - take any two "20C OS" and one of them is always *guaranteed* to be better than the other is security, this is something where no two OS's can be equal, that is a simple fact to understand.
And the design of certain competing OS's pretty much guarantees lesser security compared to general *nix style OS's.

In addition, NO OS is invulnerable to malware, viruses (unless detected by antivirus), spamware, etc. if user decides to install application package with malicious code in it - installing such package is no security fault on any OS.
Doesn't download.com (for downloading Windows applications) have malware, too?
@Grayson Peddie

I am pretty sure that they review the application that they share on their site. Can you share a link with info about any malware/virus laden applications that were hosted on download.com?
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@Grayson Peddie

... and they virus scan everything loaded before adding a link.

On the other hand, Google does NOTHING and keeps distributing malware even months after notification. They only remove the item AFTER they start getting bad press and only the items being pointed out in the articles ... nothing else.

When 20+% of the apps in the Google Marketplace are KNOWN trojans .....
@wackoae 20% is Hyperbole as the level hasn't even crossed 1%!
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Interesting. I've been told by Windows users for years that the only reason Windows has so many viruses is because it was so popular and had such high market share, but iOS devices in use outnumber Android devices by a wide margin and Apple, unlike Google, has yet to use its kill switch on any apps or deal with these kinds of malware issues. Guess we can finally put that old market share myth to rest finally.
@Andre Richards

The miscreants have, very recently, been attempting to capitalize on an iOS 0-day involving Safari's built-in PDF viewer using malformed PDF files:

http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9218246/PDFs_that_exploit_iPhone_iPad_zero_day_available_on_the_Web

This is drive-by stuff, reminiscent of past Internet Explorer exploits on Windows.

Apple has done a great job of vetting apps in their app store. Although, a researcher did recently note that the version of the Opera browser in the app store was two versions behind. Not as damning as if Safari, the iOS default web browser, were two versions behind, but still ... Apple has room for improvement too.
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@Andre Richards Not connected devices it doesn't and the margin isn't that wide because the forecast has Android taking over the #1 spot by October so it isn't as big as you think.

As for Apple, one Hacker said iOS is leaking all over the place and remember these same types of malware do exist on Jail broken iPhones and have for years.

Here's the thing, if you think you're safe just because you're with iOS you might be comprised and not even know it. Me, I will take my chances with Anti Virus Software and rest easy knowing that I am not relying on a company, who's OS is consistently hacked faster than others, to create a perfect bug free system while you follow the yellow brick road!
Just yesterday, Google again announced the strength and vitality of the Android platform. So long as the numbers keep growing and Google keeps selling more and more mobile advertisements, they have no incentive to actively improve the security or protect the end users from malware on the Android Market. Expect Google to react passively until the tech bloggers actually stop giving Google a free pass and put Google to the task by:

1) Not recommending devices regardless of how good the hardware is.

2) Actually stop buying Android handsets.

3) Start demanding a rapid deployment of Android updates from the carriers/handset makers. 8 months after Gingerbread has been released, less than 19% of handsets have been updated.

4) Stop getting excited about Honeycomb and Ice Cream Sandwich until at least 95% of devices in the field have been upgraded to at least 2.2 (though DroidDream needs 2.3.3 for the full patch fix). Over 20% of devices are still on 2.1 or before. That is 8 active API levels to support.

Nothing substantial will be done to improve the situation. Again, this is where Amazon will mop up and be able to preempt Android from the OHA.

Apple got tons of bad press (relentless for 2 weeks) on Mac Defender. It pressed Apple into staying on top of it and so far has worked.
@Bruizer Nice, try to blame Google... you acknowledge that a fix is out there for certain aspects but then fault Google for other manufacturers handsets! Seriously, I guess we can't fault Apple as well because I am sure there are holes in the original I phone's highest supported OS!
@Peter Perry
Google does deserve the blame: it's their OS. But, as with the licensing fiasco that's now taking place, Google is awkwardly glancing around saying "That's not our problem. We don't charge anything for Android. It's free. Use it if you want, don't if you don't." But that's not good enough. Google should be held accountable for the product (the OS) that it creates and distributes.

And Google can't just hang back and say "well, we have a fix, but the handset manufacturers won't implement it." The end result is still the same: Android users are at risk.

As for Apple ... iOS isn't perfect. Apple knows this. That's why they have a multi-tiered approach to security. First, they try to make iOS as safe as they can, but obviously, the hackers are pretty crafty and come up with ways of approaching iOS devices that Apple didn't foresee. One way to combat that, is through Apple's app-screen process that ensures that the apps submitted to the App Store have been subjected to a best-effort attempt to weed out troublesome apps. Those two approaches prevent a bunch of problems. Then, when problems do arise -- like the malformed PDF approach now making headlines -- Apple reviews its code and patches it when they have a reliable fix, then rolls out those patches to the devices using a no-brain-required upgrade mechanism that helps ensure that as many devices as possible receive the upgrade. This should actually get even better with iOS 5 when updates can be done via wifi, without the need to cable up to a desktop.

The frustrating part, to me, is that Google knows what needs to be done and certainly has the resources to do it ... it just chooses not to. As both a consumer and a commercial customer, that makes me question whether Google is a company that I can trust.
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That's because Microsoft, Apple and Oracle are about to have Android drawn and quartered. Microsoft is trolling handset manufacturers for patents, Apple has more patent controls to enforce with its newly acquired Nortel patent consortium and Oracle is about to step on Google's neck and twist, when it squeezes Google for violating the Java patents it acquired from Sun.

All this spells doom for Android. The fact that it is the mobile viral equivalent to Windows is just the last nail in the coffin. Are we even surprised? Come on...since when has anything really been "free"?
@orandy Settle Down Chicken Little, the sky is still in place! Look, MS might be collecting royalties right now but Google is collecting Patents of their own...

As for Oracle, the Ms JVM sets the precedence for this law suit and all that got out of that was 20 Million and an agreement to kill the MS JVM.

Also, remember Apple's capacitive touch screen patents require the screen and thus hits Hardware more than Software. Hard to say Google is infringing when they don't actually make hardware.
@Peter Perry
According to most of the reports posted here on ZDNet and elsewhere, the patent licensing deals that are being struck to indemnify handset makers from patent lawsuits are already making Android a financially-questionable line of business: the "free" OS is turning out to be quite costly for them. And now that they've deployed so many handsets, they have no choice but to pay up or risk the consequences.

If Oracle is successful, the financial picture will get even more bleak.

And then there's the Nortel patent cache that Apple, MS and others purchased -- and which Google didn't even submit a realistic bid for. If the consortium chooses to go after yet more license fees for those patents, then Android will, indeed, be on very shaky ground. Phone makers aren't going to keep paying huge fees every quarter when they have other, cheaper alternatives -- namely, to switch to other OSes, like WP7 or WebOS. (Obviously, Apple isn't likely to license out iOS.)

As for Google's patent acquisitions ... they're pretty pathetic purchases. Buying a minor patent or two here or there is hardly akin to picking up hundreds of top-tier patents in one gulp, as the consortium did by purchasing Nortel's patent portfolio.

More troubling -- to handset makers, according to the reports I've read -- is that they're viewing Google as "disinterested" in protecting them from future patent infringement charges. Google's half-hearted bid for the Nortel patents (something like 1/6th the actual selling price) showed them that Google really isn't concerned about patents, which suggests it isn't seriously concerned about Android.

Perhaps even worse than that is that the patents Google does have aren't significant enough to "trade" licenses with others, like MS or Apple. MS, Apple, Oracle and others are holding the crown-jewel tech patents for the cellular world and Google essentially has a couple patents for some "nifty ideas".

Businesses won't continue to rely on a questionable technology: it just isn't good business. Google has maybe a year -- probably less -- to get this sorted out or HTC, Samsung and the others will start jumping ship. They aren't going to give up billions of expected profits, regardless of how cool Android is.
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Google, the Microsoft of Linux
Cynical99 13th Jul
Yes, Android is a safe operating system, or at least safer than most. Yet, Google undermines the safety because they are rookies and more interested in making a buck than protecting their user base.

Funny, they really sound like Microsoft. Not caring and all. Everything comes down to making a buck, and saving a buck by not performing basic safety checks.

Then again, maybe they got caught actually believing that BS about Linux doesn't have any kind of attacks roaming around out there. No one would ever dare attack Linux because it's too strong in the security arena.

Well, perhaps the OS crowd should take a lesson from Google here and understand that security is a lot more than programming a modular OS with virtual machines. Anything can be penetrated and the bad guys are very resourceful.

They will find a way and unless you are very careful, every day, you will get pounded from time to time.

Google was just too arrogant, and really doesn't care.

Google is MS all over again, new name, new OS, same old attitude, screw the customer.
My android phone recently started showing ads in the notification bar. It turned out that Bloggerdroid added a product called AirPush in their last update. This pushes ads, even when you are not using Bloggerdroid. As far as I'm concerned, this is malware. Permissions did not change for the update.
You're surprised. This is why I laugh at the thought of Google trying to service anyone in the enterprise market. They don't know how to service.
Google are just flat-out LAZY. They appropriate open source code, offer nothing in return, and fail to implement basic authentication checking for their mobile phone OS. They don't really care as the bottom line is all that matters to Google. Screw the users - they can swim and take it.
I'd like know how much Google made from Android, YouTube and Chrome Net Books this past quarter.

I cant believe they don't tell us and get away with it.
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While speaking with a Corporate IT Security Officer recently he discussed the ease with with apps for android can have data gathering built in (and many do).
He was also concerned about previously secure (relatively) Linux Servers and machines which could now become targets. He feels that Google's lax vetting of apps for android has really opened up a very dangerous "can of worms" and made Linux based systems as vulnerable as Windows.
He only allows Blackberry equipment at this time and their thrashing by the media gives him more comfort. He feels hackers will continue a "why bother" attitude with Blackberry.
This is second hand knowledge but I certainly won't be buying android any time soon.

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