Who owns the Internet?

Summary: None of this would be possible if consumers had choices in the market, but over the last decade the U.S. government has helped create, and then endorsed this duopoly.

net neutrality metaballOpen source depends, for its very existance, on a free, open Internet, in which commerce is frictionless, with no barrier to entry, no cost for distribution, and very low marketing costs. (Picture from UC Berkeley.)

Without it an outfit like Excelsior, located in the Siberian city of Novosibirsk, wouldn't stand a chance, even in its home market. It would be like Tom Lehrer's song about the great Lobachevsky.  

Over the last few months a number of stakeholders have tried to forcefully control the resource. The question for users and the industries which depend upon them is, what are you gonna do about it?

The most important threat comes from infrastructure owners -- mainly the phone and cable duopoly. It started with the throttling of BitTorrent, a service many open source projects depend on for distribution, to protect their video monopolies. 

Now, in a response to the FCC ruling that throttling is illegal, they're talking about metered pricing, which is bound to limit usage.

None of this would be possible if consumers had choices in the market, but over the last decade the U.S. government has helped create, and then endorsed this duopoly.

Why? It's easier to control a resource with a small number of stakeholders than one with many. Getting IP traffic shunted to it took the government just a few phone calls. If the market were more diffused it would have been impossible.

There is a second risk to government control of the resource, which is that it can be militarized. Evidently that happened during the recent Russia-Georgia conflict.

Which brings us back to Novosibirsk. Sure, the company can set up servers outside its home country. But if stakeholders or government control the resource, they control the economy which depends upon it.

That's why the issues of Internet control should deeply concern those in the open source world, and why we need to get far more deeply involved in Internet governance issues than we are.

It's our roads they're blocking.

Topics: Open Source, Browser, Government, Government US

Kick off your day with ZDNet's daily email newsletter. It's the freshest tech news and opinion, served hot. Get it.

Talkback

33 comments
Log in or register to join the discussion
  • The internet isn't free (of costs)

    It's necessary to pay for building, maintaining, and operating the internet. Users pay part of the cost, but, appropriately, not all. Those providing content (and often making money for what they supply) also are responsible for some of the expenses.

    So how do you bill them? How about by the amount of use they make of the internet to deliver their products? Seems reasonable, no?!

    And if efficiency requires different channels for some content to reach users who want that content, then those additional costs should be partly paid by those who/which use the special capabilities, no?!

    So how would you design internet pricing to meet the goals you want to achieve?

    One solution which should be avoided is the all-you-can-eat approach, setting a fixed charge no matter how much of any kind of capability is used. That too, is sensible, no?!
    Anton Philidor
    • Cost allocation

      "How about by the amount of use they make of the internet to deliver their products?"
      No. Customer pays for distribution costs (I buy a DELL PC, I pay for it to be delivered).
      No big deal anyway because these should be small.
      I think this is an area where the music industry has failed to pass on cost savings. Instead of expensive physical delivery of CD's to city centre stores I want a straight digital download. [No objection if you want to pay 3x the price in store.]

      "One solution which should be avoided is the all-you-can-eat approach,"
      How about a hybrid: fixed monthly charge giving you access to the ENTIRE catalogue and a rate for per GB downloaded?
      johnfenjackson@...
    • costs are low and declining

      The utility of the Internet to the economy also increases regularly.

      We've monopolized the Net so those cost savings aren't captured by users. The monopolists lie to us and tell us costs are increasing, thus AYCE pricing must end.

      This is a problem for the economy. The Internet is now our economic lifeblood, and we've got monopolists strangling it.
      DanaBlankenhorn
      • That's an issue of fact

        How much is it costing the phone and cable companies to improve, maintain, operate the internet?

        If you're right that the expenses are "low and declining", then a population or organizations are being gouged. So far, though, I haven't seen profits which would indicate that they're charging on a what-the-market-can-bear basis.


        I agree with you that the duopoly will be able to make excessive profits, however defined. And that they can do so without the direct collusion that can be controlled by law. Just looking at each other's price lists supplies sufficient information.

        But adding to the issue, and more important at this point, is who/what pays the current charges. I'm concerned that high-minded principles don't allow large corporations using the internet to shift costs they incur to users in general. And that government policy not favor either phone or cable over the other.


        Also, the internet is not "now our economic lifeblood". It's sale of IP, some of which does move on the internet, but not all.
        Anton Philidor
        • I've got something for you to read....

          It may answer a few questions for you.....<br><br>
          How The Bells Stole America's Digital Future<br>
          http://www.netaction.org/broadband/bells/
          devlin_X
          • Article published in 2000

            A lot has changed since, if only mergers among the Bells.
            Anton Philidor
          • re: Article published in 2000

            [i]A lot has changed since, if only mergers among the Bells.[/i]

            One thing that hasn't changed is, even 8 years further on, the various telcos still have not kept the promises they made in return for favorable deregulation.






            :)
            none none
    • re: The internet isn't free (of costs)

      [i]So how do you bill them? How about by the amount of use they make of the internet to deliver their products? Seems reasonable, no?![/i]

      The content companies in fact are billed according the amount of use they make of the pipes they lease. You make it sound like Microsoft, for example, realizes no cost burden each time it delivers automatic updates to 95 percent of the installed PC base.








      :)
      none none
    • The internet isn't free (of costs)

      Who do you think gets paid for that ad you see to the right of your post?And the whoping nearly $50 we pay for isp provider a month counts in a big way.They not losing any money.As with TV.It's commercial driven.
      tgardley
  • Same over here in the UK

    The UK government is currently inviting comments on its proposal to control P2P (see http://www.berr.gov.uk/consultations/page47141.html). Fair enough ... until you read about rights holders, ISP's and 'light touch on businesses' ... and then:

    'Should any other stakeholders such as consumer organisations have a place in the selfregulatory approach?

    Consumers? Why should they be involved? :-(

    Think you've got throttling problems - in the UK BT are reported to be scaling traffic down to 15%!
    http://www.samknows.com/broadband/news/now-available-our-first-performance-monitoring-report-417.html

    Not to mention BT and PHORM secretly gathering customer data for publication to ad agencies. Indeed the BERR didn't see fit to mention it, or indeed any controls on companies.

    Didn't think to mention the ISP TISCALI asking for more money from the BBC when they started up their iPlayer video streaming service either.

    I think metered pricing might be a fair solution. Time we all opened our kimonos. ISP's are falsely advertising a broadband rate they cannot sustain on any scale; rights holders are failing to pass on cost reductions which should accrue from a global digital distribution network and we consumers are freeloading. Let's all be honest and come to a civilised solution.

    The alternative of course is a technology war.
    johnfenjackson@...
  • I have no problem with metered...

    usage if the price is fair. Every other form of goods and services is distributed this way. But you are correct saying there is a problem with a duopoly. The only way to keep fees in check is through competition. And broadband is truly not a competitive environment.

    Whether you like it or not, the only way to control a market with no competition is through regulations. It is impossible for market forces to truly control this type of environment. This is fact!

    It is truly ridiculous for legislators to say the market forces should determine the future. Only in a perfect economy can market forces work like they should. And there is no such thing as a perfect economy. This is straight out of Economics 101.

    The real reason legislators don't want to but in is because of all the money being thrown their way by those who own the infrastructure. The consumer is totally being screwed. But until the consumer makes a stand and speaks with his vote to remove special interest proponents, he/she might as well shut up and live with the reaming.
    bjbrock
    • I have no problem with metered

      This is a reply.Be careful what you wish far or say poster.Metering the amount of usuage by pricing?I dont agree.I want the internet the way it is.Does metering mean you can only use so many hours at a certain price.We already pay between $40 and $50 for cable broadband now.And has to watch newbies get in on the action on a very low discount of $19.95.Where is the loyality to older users.We never get a break.Am i jealous of this,You darn right or mad.I feel all pricing should be the same.I been online since 1998 and never got a price break.
      tgardley
    • I have unlimited calling for my phone...

      ...unlimited watching for my TV.
      ...unlimited listening to my radio.
      I pay for x amount of bandwidth... I want x amount of bandwidth.
      I don't mind paying a bit more, but any company that meters my bandwidth is lying to me about my full bandwidth, and I will leave them the moment they try to meter me.
      el1jones
  • I do not understand your logic at times

    for some reason you tend to think that everyone would like to either work for free, or are capable of purchasing an infrastructure needed to have an internet and hand control over to the users free of charge.

    You are quite wrong on your argument that the government created some doupoloy on this, when the truth is that the market did.

    Tell me why [i]you[/i] did not create your own ISP company, and I'll tell you why the phone and cable companies did.

    If you are so upset about this, why not run your own fibre optic lines and create your own network?
    GuidingLight
    • I read free ...

      ... as in 'not imprisoned'
      ... as opposed to 'without cost'.
      johnfenjackson@...
      • "... no cost for distribution ... " ...

        ... reads like "free beer" to me.

        Quoting from the Comment:

        Open source depends, for its very existance, on a free, open Internet, in which commerce is frictionless, with no barrier to entry, no cost for distribution, and very low marketing costs.
        Anton Philidor
        • ... better wait for the author ;-)

          ... but as I said in another message the recipient pays for distribution and the vendor does not: so distribution is free for the vendor.
          johnfenjackson@...
    • Ignoring government policy is endorsing bad policy

      We've had a policy encouraging a duopoly for a decade, and now those duopolists -- who have already captured the Moore's Law savings of the last decade without cutting prices -- want to raise prices.

      That's government policy in action. Not the market. Other countries, with different policies, have had different market outcomes. They have competition. We don't.

      Don't blame the market for what the government did.
      DanaBlankenhorn
      • In the UK ...

        ... to the credit of the UK government they are calling for a commercial model with a view to:

        "If we are to convince consumers that they need to respect copyright laws, then it is vital that industry competes to make available suitable products and offers which allow them
        to enjoy this content legitimately."

        This is of interest to the US since the list of parties includes:

        ? EMI
        ? Motion Picture Association (MPA)
        ? NBC Universal
        ? Sony BMG
        ? Warner Bros

        Whether these providers will actually agree on a decent model should prove interesting. I've volunteered to be on the panel examining their costs ;-)
        johnfenjackson@...
      • Here, Here

        This is the root of all our problems - the holy Grail of competition - we don't have it. The internet is in a stranglehold on its delivery system not because the duopolists could not upgrade their infrastructures but because they need to provide ever increasing margins to their shareholders. Remember, that much of the national communications backbone was set up not only by the infrastructure owners but the tax payers of the country (world). They took our tax monies and expropriated properties to achieve this objective. We're not just paying for the current services such as they are but for the original dollars doled out. And now they want us to pay even more for what in essence should be publically owned not privately.

        Dana you are correct in that this is just how the government wants it. When it became clear some years ago that the internet as a new public medium could not be controlled easily, it left it to the infrastructure owners (?) to provide the early internet roads. As more and more people used it, got hooked on it, and have made it the "social" context of their daily lives, the government wants to appear less "big brotherish" while allowing the infrastructure owners to dictate to the rest of us.

        It is already difficult not easier for many families to access these services. This is clearly setting up a class system in our cherished notion of a land of freedom. With internet "throttling", cost per use, etc. a great deal of the citizens will be left with mediocre services or none at all. Is this what we really want?

        Don't forget that businesses on the internet (and almost all are on) already pass the cost of doing internet business on to consumers as they shop, etc. Why should the average citizen have to pay two or three times over?

        To my way of thinking, and I suspect a great deal of others as well, it is best to keep the internet as low cost or no cost as possible to the citizens and mass consumers if real innovation and competition is to survive.
        Meesha