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Zero Day

Ryan Naraine, Emil Protalinski and Dancho Danchev

Spammers attacking Microsoft's CAPTCHA -- again

By | September 30, 2008, 8:43pm PDT

Summary: Never let a human do a malware infected host’s CAPTCHA recognition job. On their way to abuse the DomainKeys verified server reputation in order increase the probability of their spam emails reaching the receipts, spammers and malware authors are once again attempting to break Microsoft’s “revisited” CAPTCHA, and are able to sign up Live Hotmail [...]

Microsoft CAPTCHA brokenNever let a human do a malware infected host’s CAPTCHA recognition job. On their way to abuse the DomainKeys verified server reputation in order increase the probability of their spam emails reaching the receipts, spammers and malware authors are once again attempting to break Microsoft’s “revisited” CAPTCHA, and are able to sign up Live Hotmail accounts with a success rate of 10% to 15%, according to an assessment published by Websense today :

“Spammers are once again targeting Microsoft’s Hotmail (Live Hotmail) services. We have discovered that spammers, in a recent aggressive move, have managed to create automated bots that can sign up for and create random Hotmail accounts, defeating Microsoft’s latest, revised CAPTCHA system. The accounts are then used to send mass-mailings.

Early this year (2008), as reported by Websense Security Labs, spammers worldwide basis demonstrated their adaptability by defeating a range of anti-spam services offered by security vendors by carrying out the streamlined anti-CAPTCHA operations on Microsoft’s Live Mail, Google’s Gmail, Microsoft’s Live Hotmail, Google’s Blogger, and Yahoo Mail.”

10% to 15% recognition rate or “one in every 8 to 10 attempts to sign up for a Live Hotmail account is successful” as stated by Websense, is a bit of a modest success rate given that the academic community has managed to achieve 92% recognition rate in the past. But with hundreds of thousands of malware infected hosts, it appears that they are willing to allocate resources despite the modest success rate, and are actively spamming through the newly registered bogus email accounts.

Is machine learning CAPTCHA breaking the tactic of choice, or is the recently uncovered CAPTCHA solving economy the outsourcing model cost-effective enough to undermine the machine learning approach? With low-waged humans achieving a 100% recognition rate and processing “bogus account registration” orders, it may in fact be more cost-effective for a cybercriminal to outsource the process, than allocating personal resources and achieving a lower success rate. One thing’s for sure - CAPTCHA based authentication has been persistently under attack from all fronts, during the entire 2008.

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Dancho Danchev is an independent security consultant and cyber threats analyst, with extensive experience in open source intelligence gathering, malware and cybercrime incident response.

Disclosure

Dancho Danchev

More details on Dancho Danchev's current and past professional affiliations, can be found in his LinkedIn profile.

Biography

Dancho Danchev

Dancho Danchev is an independent security consultant and cyber threats analyst, with extensive experience in open source intelligence gathering, and cybercrime incident response. He's been an active security blogger since 2007, and maintains a popular security blog sharing real-time threats intelligence data with the rest of the community on a daily basis. More details on Dancho Danchev's current and past professional affiliations, can be found in his LinkedIn profile. You can also follow him on Twitter

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RE: Spammers attacking Microsoft's CAPTCHA -- again
lovedong 13th Sep
You're very welcome happy rolex watches
0 Votes
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I'm all for shutting down...
bjbrock 1st Oct 2008
mail servers that are spamming. No matter how big they are. If my server started spamming, my ISP would give me one shot to clean it up. If I didn't or couldn't it would be blocked. Just because it's Microsoft doesn't mean they should have special treatment.

Networks this size are unmanageable.
You're very welcome happy rolex watches
The real problem is that there is essentially no law enforcement effort going into capturing and imprisoning the crooks who are responsible for this, due to the stupidity and ignorance of legislators.

Spam is organized crime, and needs to be treated as such.

Every "doomsday" prediction about the damage that spam would do if left unchecked has not only come true, but been greatly exceeded.

A few years ago, folks like me were mocked and scorned for suggesting that half of all email would soon be spam.

Today we're looking at numbers more like 95% spam, and the lame CAN-SPAM act which was already a joke when enacted is now simply irrelevant.
Shutting dwon the servers is clearly not the answer. The spammers will just find other servers. SEVERE Criminal Prosecution is our only hope. Find, arrest and Prosecute the spammers will send a message to the other spammers that they risk YEARS in the Penitentiary. I am talking at least 5-10 years without parole & No Access to Computers, period. Also HUGE fines. This is Criminal activity & needs to be treated as such.
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100% Success Rate for Humans?
cgarrett Updated - 1st Oct 2008
You've got to be kidding. I only get the CAPTCHA right 65% of the time.
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Me too!
cshupe@... 1st Oct 2008
Half the time, I can't read those symbols. I have to ask for a new set...
Curtis R. Shupe
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65%?
davagain 1st Oct 2008
I can't even get that rate. And when I try to use the audio Captcha instead, irts even worse.
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LOL!
ejhonda 6th Oct 2008
Glad to see I'm not alone in being unable to interpret those images sometimes. Figures the intended users would struggle and the spammers would have better success...
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Is this a problem only with FREE email accounts? If so, the ISPs could charge a dollar on a valid credit or debit card (and even refund the amount later if they wanted to). Allowing that not everybody has a credit or debit card, is this a possible solution to the problem itself?
0 Votes
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RE: Valid Credit Card
cgarrett 1st Oct 2008
That really is the problem. It's amazing the number of people who have neither. Plus, it's not a very global solution. They have customers (and domains) for half the TLD's out there.
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Shutdown the advertised site?
bblackmore 1st Oct 2008
Shouldn't the authorities be more proactive about going after the sites that are advertised in SPAM mails. That way the spammers would have their funding cut off.

I regularly receive 4 or 5 SPAMs a day advertising an online Canadian pharmacy, selling Viagra and other cheap drugs. If the online site was shutdown or blocked by ISPs, it would be more of a deterrent to them sending out SPAM themselves, or out sourcing to mass spammers.
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I agree 100%
sarge@... 1st Oct 2008
The only way to stop spam and adware is to go after the advertiser, they are the root cause of it all. Ok, 3/4 of the cause the other 1/4 is the idiots that actually purchased something from spam.
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You're trying to be funny?
AzuMao Updated - 1st Oct 2008
Because you kind of failed.

That was a stupid as saying "if somebody puts up a
bunch of fliers about a company, said company should
be shut down by the authorities!".



P.S. PLEASE don't tell me you're actually serious and
that I actually need to explain what the problem with
this is...
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No dumbass
bblackmore 1st Oct 2008
If it can be proved that the company is linked to the spam, I see no reason why authorities couldn't shut the site down.

Obviously anyone could send out SPAM advertising a rival?s website, so you wouldn't shut them down without evidence. But in the case of online pharmacies, it?s fairly obvious they are spamming, or getting people to spam on their behalf. The canadian pharmacy in my example above have several different domains regsitered pointing to their site which have nothing to do with medicine, or drugs, so its obvious they are taking part in spamming, as they registered the different urls to get around url blacklists.
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Yes, Absolutely
lmenningen 3rd Oct 2008
Spammers do everything free - flyers pay dearly for printing the flyers and the labor to distribute them.

Charge $10 for each new mail account, then give rebates x per address (for the legitimate users) and see whether the spammers will put up any money.
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Oh - is that a valid site?
Mahegan 3rd Oct 2008
I thought that it was just a way of collecting credit card information...
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same here
shellcodes_coder 11th Dec 2008
I also receive some messages with subjects pharmacy, viagra etc. Fortunately Windows live hotmail filters it and my inbox will always be spam-free, though the spam folder won't be :P
shoot the spammers
0 Votes
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I would agree with cgarrett, Some CAPTCHAs are so obscure as to be almost unreadable, even for us humans! How do the bad guys get through this?
is 15%
Humans are usually given a second chance or third chance as well.

The programming loop is unlikely to go

"Try ten times or until successful"
So, the bot moves on.
0 Votes
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Require a 24 or 48 hour delay between submitting the subscription request and receiving the validation email. Apologize to the subscriber for the delay in validation and explain why it's necessary. Spammers won't likely wait and keep moving.

Limit outbound mail from a new account to 1 or 2 per hour for the first 2 weeks and then monitor the account's incoming mail for a high level of bounces.

I also recall how effective Google's GMail invitations were at keeping things sane - if you wanted a GMail account, you needed an invitation certificate mail from a real, proven user.

Most honest folks won't have a problem with any of these assuming the process is explained up front.
0 Votes
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who cares?
dlancelot 2nd Oct 2008
why do so many people get excited about this crap anyways? in my server environments, hotmail addresses are blocked anyways, no one in their right mind who runs a business runs a hotmail or yahoo, etc. address...if they are, they had better give their head a shake.
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No One?
lmenningen 3rd Oct 2008
Many 1-person 2-person businesses do.
0 Votes
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Why worry? Because a governor of a state is using yahoo mail to do state business, and that governor is now running to be a heartbeat away from being POTUS. I don't know what's more worrisome: that she used yahoo mail to do biz, or that she might be VP.
And there's one of the main problems, just who do you think is going to shut down the site? It's not in the US so the US authorities can't (well shouldn't be able to, but strong arming has worked in the past)
And even if the 'site' is in the US, chances are the entity controlling isn't, the site goes away and the next day it's up and running under a different name.

There's a sucker born every minute so there's got to be somewhere for them to blow there money...
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More and more people are getting multiple accounts - with one they do their on-line stuff and with the others they give out Account A to this set of six friends, Account B to that set of 7 friends, Account C only to members of an organization they also belong to, etc. They have to check more accounts that way, but checking accounts is really quite easy.
Why don't isp's set modest limits on the number of email that can be sent from an account? This would dramatically drive up the administrative hassles for the spammers with little or no cost to the ordinary user. For people who need more capacity, let them pay for it.

At a customer of mine, one of the PC's became infected. I am no Windows security person and don't pretend to be. I simple went to the network security device and limited that pc to sending 250K of email per day. The problem stopped entirely within 24 hours.
0 Votes
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Does the canned spam act allow bounties? If they fine convicted spammers $millions and I can get say 25%. I think I found a business model that might be more lucrative than spamming. Maybe we can even turn spammers against spammers.
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no, they generally register dozens of domains for the serp/seo paradigm.
i have seen "spam" from numerous fortune 100, especially banks.
the available retail prices for human captcha cracking combined with creative thinking have alaready given amazon another business model, which is getting human quality labour done at pay rates well under 1 cent an hour.
instead of arguing against what are all only forms of broadcast, why not adderss the lack of alternatives that makes these merchant models attractive?
0 Votes
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RE: Spammers attacking Microsoft's CAPTCHA -- again
JohnWane Updated - 23rd Oct 2008
Del.
0 Votes
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Hard to Understand
ken.bld@... 12th Dec 2008
"Is machine learning CAPTCHA breaking the tactic of choice, or is the recently uncovered CAPTCHA solving economy the outsourcing model cost-effective enough to undermine the machine learning approach?" Where do they find these writers? This guy puts three subjects in a sentence. Who wants to try and struggle through trying to understand this gooble de ****? Why can these ezines not find people who can use the English language on at least a grade school level.
Dear sir
Take my salam
we 7 years experience in this field. we have 30 pc 90 worker & we have 24/7 nonstop support worker. If you have posible pls send me your captcha work, our contact number workcaptcha@yahoo.com yahoo & sherazul364786 skype.

Thanks
workcaptcha
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