@wolf_z
Huh???
The Android messaging application!!!
No apps installed - besides those shipped with the OS!!!
Yes it may be the App - but how is that relevant to the user???
The user's phone does bad thing.
It may be something that is in a code file called an app - or in a code file called a library - but it is still part of the phone and to all intents and purposes part of the OS!!!
As for walled garden - this is within Google's control, it is their App and they have full control.
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