In the beginning there was only the IBM PC, as the company had patents on key components locking out the competition. This led to a small upstart, Compaq, that set out to break the hold that IBM had over the fledgling PC industry.
It did so in two ways — designing and building a portable system that put an entire desktop PC system into a single device. The Compaq Portable was a giant device that was barely portable, but it made it possible to close the lid and lug the gadget from one site to another, a first.
Compaq knew that to bring the Portable to market, it would have to deal with the patent IBM held on the BIOS of the IBM PC. This code was the brain behind the entire system, and IBM had it totally locked down preventing selling any type of clone systems.
Compaq set out to engineer its own BIOS, and set up a clean room environment to prove it developed its own BIOS clone without using any of IBM's code. By carefully documenting the BIOS building process, Compaq was able to successfully prove in court that its BIOS was its own and didn't infringe on IBM's work.
With the BIOS open, and Microsoft introducing MS-DOS to bypass IBM'S other protected component, Compaq introduced the Portable with great success.
The Compaq Portable launched the mobile PC business, and more importantly triggered the explosion of the PC clone industry.
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