In June, U.S. former government contractor Edward Snowden blew the lid on one of the world's biggest secrets in living history: the U.S. government was engaged in a massive global dragnet surveillance operation.

The leaks sparked mass debate around the world between national security priorities and citizen civil liberties. It was a massive punch in the face for the White House, which had spent decades keeping the spying programs under wraps. 

Snowden was charged with espionage , but ultimately fled to Russia under the former-Communist country's protection, and out of the U.S.' reach. But additional leaks implicated other nations, including those of the "Five Eyes" — the U.K., Australia, Canada, and New Zealand. It was a government stuff-up on epic proportions.

It was without doubt the epic fail of the year — allowing Snowden to walk away with tens of thousands of documents that detail in near-exact detail how the U.S. and other countries spy on each other (and themselves).

The U.S. government leaks were bad enough, but the early reporting on the emerging NSA scandal was just as dire. 

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NSA mass surveillance leaks: Timeline of events to date

The U.S. government mass surveillance scandal may be the biggest ongoing story of the year. In this updating timeline, you can explore the full scope of the Edward Snowden leaks, which have implicated the world's most powerful nations in the worldwide spying operation.

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With the release of the first slides on PRISM, the two newspaper giants The Guardian and The Washington Post were behind the breaking stories. But The Post, which was playing catch-up with its British journalistic counterparts, reported something that was not strictly true — even if it's what the leaked documents said or even alluded to.

Despite being the one and only source on the matter, the newspapers failed to "vet" him properly. 

Claiming that the NSA had "direct access" to servers of Silicon Valley giants led The Post to eventually withdraw the vast majority of its story without explaining exactly what or why . It was a mess that led to harsh critique of the publication.

The Post went on to accurately report further leaks supplied by the former U.S. government contractor.

While the NSA was not able (that we know of... yet) to gain "direct access" to Silicon Valley servers — with the exception of Google and Yahoo , hackers successfully infiltrated the internal networks of Apple, Facebook, Microsoft, and Twitter.

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Facebook, Apple hacks could affect anyone: Here's what you can do

Reports suggest that both Facebook and Apple employees — and likely others, including Twitter — visited an infected website laden with malware, which exploited a vulnerability in Java. Now that the cause has been identified, here's what you can do.

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The story broke at the start of the year in a tale of two parts. Hackers had rigged a popular iPhone development site with malware. When developers at the named companies accessed the site from a work machine, an unpatched Java zero-day exploit allowed attackers into their internal networks.

While no company data was taken, with Microsoft et al admitting that only a few machines were affected, it came at a time where many companies were on their guard from a recent spate of China and Syria-based hackers.

Even the U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security warned users to disable or uninstall Java as a result of the flaw, which ultimately went on to affect hundreds of millions of Windows, Mac, and Linux machines — including mobile devices, embedded systems, Web applications, and servers.

The Cyber Intelligence Sharing and Protection Act, commonly referred to as CISPA, was a controversial security bill that eventually passed the U.S. Senate, despite being scrapped more than a year earlier.

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White House threatens to veto new CISPA Bill ahead of vote

The Obama administration has issued another stark warning to the US House currently preparing to vote on a regurgitated cybersecurity Bill. If it passes the president's desk, he's not going to sign it.

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Many considered the bill to be a major threat to Fourth Amendment rights , which protect against unreasonable searches and seizures. It would have allowed private sector firms to search personal and sensitive user data of ordinary U.S. residents to identify "threat information," which can then be shared with other opt-in firms and the U.S. government without the need for a court-ordered warrant. 

It was hoped that the data could be used in real time to stop cyberattacks in their tracks , or even trace back to the source of the attack. 

Despite the uproar and the concern by many, the fact that senators still passed the bill — even if it failed in the House — represented a disaster for citizen representation, as hundreds of thousands protested the bill.

If you thought hacktivist group Anonymous had been relatively quiet this year, think again.

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Anonymous website disappears with $100M in Bitcoin

Illegal goods trading platform, Sheep Marketplace, shuts down with a Bitcoin haul estimated to be as large as US$100 million. It is unclear if hackers or the site owner absconded with the money, but signs point to a scam.

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In January, the hacking group  attacked the U.S. Sentencing Commission  in an operation dubbed "Operation Last Resort." This led to the distribution of government files in apparent retaliation of hacktivist Aaron Swartz, who committed suicide after facing a lengthy jail sentence many considered disproportionally large.

The federal authorities were left "stumbling" after the attack , which resulted in a number of government websites being down for days. 

Later in the year, the loose-knit collective went on to attack networks that led to the publication of more than 4,000 separate bits of login information, credentials, IP addresses, and contact information of American bank executives. 

It was a public relations nightmare for the U.S. government, which had already faced heavy criticism for its handling of the Swartz case. It was a show of force that led the government and others to realize the hacking collective may have been quiet during the year, but they haven't gone away — while at the same time pushing for changes to the law that would ultimately legally avenge the death of Swartz in a namesake law.

By now, the end of the year, many have overcome the "shock" of the new user interface to Apple's latest mobile platform, iOS 7. 

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Apple's iOS 7 hands-on, in pictures (gallery)

The iPhone and iPad maker on Monday announced iOS 7, its latest mobile operating system. ZDNet takes it for a test drive and shows you the new user interface and some of the new features.

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But it caused  enough of a stir  at first to deter millions from upgrading immediately.

Many didn't upgrade immediately because it broke existing enterprise services . Some were warned off because the upgrade would cause device slow-downs. And, other bugs made the software near impossible to use for some. There were dozens of new features added in the update that saw a high level of uptake, but hardly rocket to the extent Apple wanted.

Now more than three months later, three-quarters of all devices are running iOS 7, a slower pace than earlier releases.

Some of the major issues boiled down to security. There was a bug seemingly every minute, and a security flaw with almost every minor update.

In one case, it was possible to bypass the lock screen and forward personal photos and contacts to other people.

Facebook stirred more controversy this year as it attempted to balance privacy and free speech, but couldn't manage to do either.

The world's largest social network, with more than one billion users worldwide, collected information on people who weren't even signed up to the social network. This "bug" spanned a year beginning in 2012 and affected more than six million users . The data related to people who had expressly not given their permission for Facebook to collect their data, including email addresses and phone numbers. For those who protect their data, it was a privacy flop of epic proportions.

Also, the company found itself in hot water after it decided to first ban and then permit videos of people being decapitated. Either way, Facebook couldn't escape controversy. In any case, Facebook's decision was going to royally screw up at least someone's day.

If you're going to bring someone down, try to do it quietly. In the FBI's case, the federal agency failed miserably when it tried to extradite alleged pirate king Kim Dotcom to the U.S.

The trouble is the FBI picked the wrong guy to start a war with . Despite throwing the full weight of the New Zealand police to launch a look-a-like anti-terrorist operation against for charges of "racketeering, money laundering, and copyright theft," he ultimately evaded U.S. authorities.

Dotcom dusted himself off and relaunched his newly branded file service startup. As for the New Zealand authorities, they were slapped for "illegal spying" which forced the country's prime minister to publicly apologize.

Months after Windows 8 launched, the operating system barely grasped single-digit market share . Many considered it a flop, but to others it was a starting ground for better things to come.  

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Microsoft no longer the Windows company. Does Wall Street agree?

Microsoft's share price has reached record highs in spite of criticism over Windows 8. Does Wall Street finally believe the Microsoft message that it’s no longer dependent on Windows?

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It was criticized for its game-changing user interface. It was difficult to use for some who had been used to the typical 'Windows' experience for many years prior.

And for those using desktops and notebooks without touch screens — a large majority of the overall user base — it was just too much for some to relearn. The fact that Microsoft killed the Start menu also killed the company's hope of millions of people upgrading.

Ultimately it led the software giant down a course of eating humble pie , resulting in Windows 8.1, a software update that attempted to appease (and entice) customers who were thrown off by the first round of changes. The Start menu was brought back — in a sense — and booting directly to desktop may have had some positive impact on less-than-pleased customers.

Many forgot that Microsoft isn't just a "Windows" company anymore. 

Before iOS 7 was even announced, iOS 6.1 was causing serious headaches in the enterprise IT department.

Corporate network staff warned iPhone and iPad users to avoid upgrading to the latest Apple mobile update because of a server conflict bug that would overload over Microsoft Exchange servers.

Both companies scrambled to determine what was the cause of the "excessive logging" on email servers. While Apple was left scratching its head, Microsoft came to the rescue.

The one bright side was the cooperation between the two technology giants , who not long before were at war with one another.

Desperate to get ahead of rumors that its archrival Apple was developing a smart watch, Samsung threw its weight behind its own Galaxy Gear.

The trouble was, it wasn't finished , and looked more akin to a slightly polished namesake device from the late 1990s.

Many dubbed it a "failure" off the mark , and still cost watch wearers $299 for the privilege of having something that wasn't complete.

That said, close to one million people still bought the device, but the device suffered "death by review." The tech media crushed the device in their write-ups.

Meanwhile, a number of other wearable devices hit the market later on after further development in efforts to learn from Samsung's mistakes.

Yahoo had a tough year. It spent most of its time cleaning up the horrendous mess it created by changing something, redesigning something, or upgrading a product. It left end users angry, and even its own staff stressed out.

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How Microsoft dodged the Yahoo bullet

It was five years ago this month that Microsoft officially dropped its plan to acquire Yahoo for $47.5 billion. In hindsight, losing that battle was the best thing that could have happened to Microsoft.

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Just months after starting at the company, Yahoo chief executive Marissa Mayer repealed the company's telecommuting policy , forcing all employees to muck-in at their respective local offices. The decision alone was controversial, but it was only compounded by a lack of explanation behind the move.

The company then gave itself a makeover with a new redesigned logo. Not one, but 30 over the course of as many days. Eventually it settled on just one , spreading the news out for longer than it should've done in efforts to milk the media's attention. 

But what really angered a lot of people, including Yahoo staff who reportedly don't even eat their own "dogfood," was the redesigned Yahoo Mail, which crumbled after it first relaunched.

Thousands of users complained about the new product as a result of the bevy of technical failures and glitches.

BlackBerry was already on a downward spiral, but really began to crumble when it reported a near-$1 billion loss as a result of going all-in on its next-generation smartphone, the BlackBerry Z10. 

The company cut 4,500 staff amid serious concerns about the company's balance sheet. BlackBerry was already by this point looking for a bank or investment firm to bail out the company, which ultimately failed.

BlackBerry subsequently waved goodbye to its chief executive Thorsten Heins, who failed to turn the company around following the rise of competing smartphones.

Former Sybase boss John Chen took the lead and promised to turn the company around. But the proof will be in the pudding. Chen said he will "rebuild" the company and keep the smartphone-making unit, but many enterprise customers are looking 

Google dropped the ball this year when it was forced to renegotiate (at least on two occasions) its antitrust settlement with the European Union, after the executive body  threw allegations of anticompetitive behavior  at the search giant.

The company said  it "did a pretty good job"  on offering concessions to the 28 member state bloc, which was quickly  thrown back by Europe's antitrust chief  who remained less than pleased with the offering. It was a particularly embarrassing public relations stunt for Google. And the case is far from over yet.

In efforts to avoid being forced to change its business practices, the world's most used search engine may end up having to  offer links to competing services  to its own products.

Despite its good quality and high-end Android phones, Taiwanese phone giant HTC began to sink rapidly over the course of the year.

After having a fairytale 2010, two years later the company's finances began to unravel. Eventually the company was forced to look inwards and work out what was causing the issues.

It turns out it was the chief executive, Peter Chou, who after a series of mistakes and ill-thought out plans led the company down a path of likely no return. 

Chou eventually was all-but-forced to hand over some of his responsibilities to the company's founder and chairwoman following a number of high-level executives dashed for the door . Further cutbacks also saw a number of U.S. staff lose their jobs . And even with a reported Amazon smartphone deal , there's no certainty if the company can keep its head above the water.

The flagship feature to Apple's premium model iPhone 5s, announced in September, was a fingerprint sensor dubbed Touch ID .

It was described as one of the most advanced biometric scanners developed by a company to date. It didn't last long though.

Within just a few days, a bounty was put on the technology's head to see if hackers could bypass the device's security. Lo and behold, the Cupertino, Calif.-based technology giant ended up with egg on its face after it was bypassed with a fake finger .

Apple stayed mum on the matter and didn't acknowledge the hack. It was nice while it lasted — all of about a week.

Up and coming technology star Tesla suffered serious burns from a journalism fire set by The New York Times, which claimed in a review of its Tesla Model S that the electric car couldn't keep a charge and ran out of juice long before the reviewer reached their intended destination. 

Tesla founder and all-round genius Elon Musk lambasted the article, which he claimed cost the company about $100 million as a result.

Musk accused the reviewer of failing to charge the car fully before his intended roadtrip — all revealed by the car's logs, which Musk later published — leading to claims of bias and suggestions that the reviewer "faked" the test.

In the end, though Tesla suffered a hit at first, it was the New York-based newspaper that came away far more bruised.

In what was probably the worst hack of the year (perhaps the decade, shy of Sony PlayStation's Network hacking catastrophe).

Adobe suffered a massive data breach in October that resulted in the theft of up to 38 million users . 

Many were more angered by the fact Adobe didn't start emailing people affected by the hack until close to a month after the news first came to light.

Some of the passwords were simply and easy to crack , in spite of Adobe's encryption methods.

As a result, other companies — like Facebook and Amazon — took charge of its own user base and warned those who might have used the same Adobe password on the social network to change their passwords too .

Life is full of those hacks that make the day-to-day just that much easier. The online world isn't so different.

So when Google decided to close down its Web-based RSS reader , the internet jumped off the deep end. 

Because so many applications and services rely on Google Reader, it led to many popular services shutting down, but also many springing up to replace the news aggregator. Google said it was closing the service in order to put energy "into fewer projects," but many loyal users weren't happy — in total, millions of them.

The bright side is that it gave other companies a way to fill the void. Feedly, a replacement Google Reader service, drummed up half-a-million new users in just two days, and three million in the following two weeks.