Fad or sea change?
Will tablets in education be a short-lived fad, or does this represent a major sea change? Explain why and how you see it unfolding.
Matthew Miller
Inevitable
Impossible
Christopher Dawson
The moderator has delivered a final verdict.
Matthew Miller: In 1989 I was issued a Macintosh SE at the USCG Academy. A few years later at Berkeley I purchased another Mac with an education discount. Apple has a long history of being a friend to educational institutions and I think they are going to be even more aggressive starting this year with deep discounts on the iPad 2, incentives for organizations to adopt Apple products, and willingness to spend some of their huge cash reserves to build the Apple educational ecosystem.
Apple has the OS, the hardware, and now the ecosystem strategy needed to have a major impact on the educational system. The only real barrier to implementation is cost and that is something they can impact, if they are willing to take the risk. If they are successful in widespread adoption of the iPad and the Apple Textbooks program, this success should increase their growth in the PC market as children growing up learning with an iPad, then take that experience to their primary computer.
Chris Dawson: Herbert Hoover called for a “chicken in every pot” during his 1928 presidential campaign. That didn’t work out so well with the Great Depression coming shortly thereafter, but the idea of a “tablet in every backpack” is one whose time has come. For well-heeled schools and districts, that device will probably be an iPad. For everyone else, though, it’s going to be something different.
Perhaps it will be an Intel Classmate, a Kindle Fire, a cheap laptop, a Chromebook, or any number of personal computing devices that students can bring to class and have as constant companions for anytime, anywhere study and interaction. But Apple’s first foray into e-textbooks, iBooks and iBooks Author makes it clear that theirs will be a closed ecosystem not well suited to widespread use in public education. Yes, a tablet in every backpack will be a reality. An iPad in every backpack? Not so much.
Will tablets in education be a short-lived fad, or does this represent a major sea change? Explain why and how you see it unfolding.
It took a while for people to see the benefits of the iPad in the consumer space and I think we will eventually see tablets in the educational system. If the cost issue can't be figured out in the next year or two, I think it will get ironed out over the long term and tablets will eventually be as common as textbooks in the classroom. Consumers are tech savvy and the school system lags in this area so it will eventually catch up.
I am for Inevitable
There will be a split between tablets and other mobile internet devices like Chromebooks. Some student populations and specific needs are still far better served with a keyboard and a single, robust device will be preferable to a tablet, a bluetooth keyboard, a doc, etc. These students will end up with Chromebooks and Classmates (or similar devices). Others will be served very well by tablets (e.g., younger students, heavy content consumers, artists, and special education students, for example). More than anything, though, the BYOD movement will dictate that students will bring what they can afford and schools will need to ensure that these hetergeneous devices can access a strong ecosystem of content, assessment tools, and e-learning applications.
I am for Impossible
Matt and Chris will post their closing arguments tomorrow and I will declare a winner on Thursday. Between now and then, don't forget to cast your vote and jump into the discussion below to post your thoughts on this topic.
What are the key factors that will determine whether or not the iPad becomes an educational standard and ends up in the hands of virtually every U.S. student?
I think the main factor is cost. There is no way schools will pay $500 for each student to get an iPad. If Apple is serious about this market they have to come up with a way to make it attractive and affordable for school districts. I think there are some major advantages and a reasonable cost can be justified if Apple "sells" these advantages. Parents also need to make a committment to holding their kids accountable and responsible for the device they may be issued.
I am for Inevitable
1) Price: iPads need to be cheaper. They need to compete in the Kindle Fire range. 2) Opening their ecosystem: iBooks is a nonstarter outside the Apple faithful. There needs to be hardware, software, and content that all contribute to drastic improvements in student achievement and are mindful of the bottom line. 3) Providing differentiated devices for different age groups. 10" iPads in the hands of 1st graders will strike fear into any taxpayer's heart.
I am for Impossible
Education tends to have notoriously slim IT departments. Does that help or hurt Apple's case?
I think this clearly helps Apple since Apple products require minimal IT support. I have moved most of my extended family to Apple products because I was tired of the constant calls for help. I still get calls, but they are far fewer than ever before. There is some management of products to be done, but a minimal staff can take care of it and even teachers can help out with devices like the iPad.
I am for Inevitable
Even if Apple drops its prices, those prices won't be able to compete with those of Android devices and other emerging platforms (thin clients and Chromebooks, for example). If scarce financial resources are devoted to hardware, then IT departments must shrink even further. Just as teachers are being asked to take their teaching into the 21st century, so are IT staff being asked to take on the role of facilitators and coaches (as well as ???IT guys??? with traditional tech support and project management roles). IT staffing needs to grow, not shrink, so anything that can reduce costs and keep the focus on teaching and learning in the context of tech-rich environments will prevail. Shiny tech toys with high price tags will not.
I am for Impossible
Is it even practical for a closed ecosystem like Apple and iBooks become an educational standard?
Yes, as I mentioned in my last answer, I think the ecosystems in education are already closed, so why not choose another system from Apple? How is Apple different than McGraw-Hill or any other publisher creating educational materials? Several of the textbook publishers currently providing textbooks in paper form are providing iBooks textbooks already and the system isn't even up and running in school districts yet. It is practical and it is already being adopted by the textbook publishers.
I am for Inevitable
There are too many individual, local, state, and federal interests to be addressed. Teachers as well, through Race to the Top (RTTP) and a major education reform effort that goes way beyond No Child Left Behind, are pushing themselves to leave their roles as sage on the stage and really up their game in the classroom. They are guides and brokers of knowledge; a closed ecosystem can't accommodate that (or the peer-level sharing among teachers necessary to advance the state of the art in teaching and learning).
I am for Impossible
Let's talk ecosystems. Education tends to prefer open ecosystems, right? Why is that?
I am not an educator and I don't work in the education sector so I can only speak from my experiences as a previous student and current parent. I have heard this open ecosystem argument before, but don't see that myself. Where exactly are there open ecosystems in education? If the schools use Windows, that's not open. If they use Microsoft Office, that's not open. I was required to buy specific textbooks in college for each course and had no choice to get something else. There are a few major textbook publishers, and schools pick one and use that for courses -- so that doesn't seem open to me. I think "openness" is over used and would seem to only apply if Linux was used in schools -- and I have never heard of that happening.
I am for Inevitable
Too many teachers have been content to ride on the content provided by textbook publishers. There is pushback on this approach from both the grassroots educational level and from state and federal governments. Teachers need to uphold national and state standards but still provide individualized education for their students. OER are far better suited to this approach. Similarly, just as open source software has made positive headway in the educational market, so will open ecosystems to which teachers can contribute, draw from, and use at will instead of under the Draconian eyes of Apple.
I am for Impossible
How about the promise of interactive non-fiction books created in the new iBooks format? Could those be compelling enough as an education tool to drive iPad sales?
Textbooks have been around for a long time and in today's modern digital society I think it is important to engage students. There are many students who love school and are doing fine with textbooks as they are today, but there are also many other students who I think will get reenergized and excited about the interactive features of iBooks textbooks. After using the sample iBooks textbooks on my iPad with a couple of my daughters I honestly think they can enhance the classroom experience and help teachers motivate students to study more while also giving students another element of teaching.
I am for Inevitable
In some cases, yes, but the trend towards open educational resources (OER) and teacher-driven instruction (instead of historically heavy reliance on texts) makes this unlikely. iBooks and iBooks Author were absolutely not the game changers they should or could have been. There are much larger non-fiction book efforts underway that are open to both Apple and Android devices (as well as any other Internet-connected computers).
I am for Impossible
What about the iPad is compelling enough to quickly get Apple back into the game?
Many of the kids I see at my daughter's school have iPods and Apple is a brand they associate with cool technology and innovation. When the first iPad launched I wrote that it was not really a necessary device, but that it was a joy to use. Having a device that is drop dead easy to use, has a battery life where you don't even really think about it, and something that lets you carry out the functions that most consumers use on a computer is compelling.
I am for Inevitable
Right now, the UI is arguably smoother and cleaner, with more educational apps and a server infrastructure that provides a reasonable (though quite incomplete) suite of management tools for iOS devices. More importantly, whether students should be using tablets or not, and whether or not those tablets should be iPads, most parents and administrators immediately think that 1:1 initiatives should involve tablets and by far the dominant brand in the consumer tablet market is Apple. With the right pricing and the right content ecosystem (apps, textbooks, cloud applications, and management), Apple could ride this to the top. However, even with rumors swirling of a price cut on the iPad 2 and its potential positioning as the proverbial ???white MacBook??? of tablets for education, there is no indication that an open or adequately robust ecosystem will emerge that will make this possible for Apple. A look back at those white Macbooks and their meager marketshare in the face of cheap PCs is enough of a history lesson to suggest that Apple will remain a niche player here.
I am for Impossible
Apple was once a stalwart in the education market, but in the last two decades most schools switched to almost all PCs, right? Isn't it going to take time for Apple to win its way back into education?
My three daughters still have a mix of Apple and Windows computers, but I do think Apple has given up its dominance in the education market over the last twenty years. Apple is in a much better financial position than it was back in the 90s and their market share has grown significantly. If Apple wants to "own" the educational market, it will take serious financial contributions to make it happen and shareholders will have to buy into the plan as well.
I am for Inevitable
This was driven by the proliferation of cheap PCs and Windows management ecosystems (and the resulting uptick in software development for Windows vs. Mac OS) as Apple moved further and further into the high-end consumer market. Apple is certainly seeing a resurgence, both in education and the enterprise, driven more by IT consumerization than any real improvements in their enterprise ecosystems. However, the educational market is big enough (it's arguably the biggest and most important vertical in IT) to support many players. The advent of the cloud means that locking into a particular vendor is far less of an issue than in the last two decades when the Mac vs. Windows debates had any real merit. What will actually win the education market will be ecosystem. Just as it allowed Windows to emerge as the dominant player for the last 10 years or so (desktop, server, peripherals, and software, all designed to deal with lots of Windows PCs), so will the right ecosystem of apps, management utilities, and cloud-based software, combined with the price points that educational institutions need to hit. Right now, it looks like Android has a better chance of becoming the dominant player on the potential of price alone; the ecosystem has yet to emerge.
I am for Impossible
Mass market tablets have been around for over a decade. Microsoft's Tablet PCs were hyped as classroom disrupters. Why will the iPad and the new breed of multitouch tablets be different?
Microsoft's previous Tablet PCs were simply Windows computers with a different form factor and an overlay that added some stylus-based tablet elements. They were adopted by many in the health industry, but never became popular with the masses. These Windows Tablet PCs were priced quite high and with the premium cost over desktops and laptops, their advantages were not realized. MWC 2012 The iPad, and other multi-touch tablets, have the potential to be classroom disrupters because they are much more interactive and priced less than computers. They also require much less IT support and so far have shown much less susceptibility to viruses.
I am for Inevitable
...and they're optimized for touch and an apps ecosystem rather than shoehorning Windows into a form factor to which it's not well suited. Windows and its derivatives beg for a keyboard and mouse. OK, they're not exactly cheap, but prices are dropping fast and the devices are infinitely more durable, likeable, and rich than the enterprise tablets of yore.
I am for Impossible
What advantages do tablets have over traditional computers in the classroom?
There are several advantages of tablets over computers, including longer battery life, less required maintenance and management of the device, more portable, more secure, and better form for textbook usage. You can also use it for basic computing needs, such as web surfing, document/spreadsheet editing and creation, and multimedia.
I am for Inevitable
The touch interface resonates very well with kids, especially those with a variety of disabilities. It???s completely intuitive for young people to interact with their hands instead of a keyboard (us old people still dream in QWERTY.) In terms of size, even Intel???s Classmate PCs, designed for use by kids, can be a big awkward to balance on a small desk or shove in a backpack. A tablet, appropriately protected and sized for the right age group (smaller 5??? or 7??? tablets for the younger kids and 10??? tablets for the older kids) easily sits in an arm, on a lap, or on a desk. Tablets also avoid the ???wall of laptops??? phenomenon, making it easier to draw students??? attention back to the instructor, while still preserving the micromobility (the tendency for kids to group, cluster, move around, and land within a set space like a classroom) that allows for natural learning to occur.
I am for Impossible
Are both debaters ready to roll?
Looking forward to this...
I am for Inevitable
with the debate
I am for Impossible
Matthew Miller
I understand that many people have an aversion to Apple products, but they need to set that aside and look at what is best for the students. Android has not shown that an open ecosystem is that beneficial -- with inconsistent experiences and content experiences that range from good to bad. Closed ecosystems generally result in more consistent products that can be easily managed with minimal staff.
Apple has made the iBooks Author tool simple to use and free so teachers who want to offer up customized experiences and tools are free to do so. When teachers create outstanding resources, they can easily share these throughout the country and know that others are able to use and take advantage of their work because the ecosystem is standard across the entire educational sector.
Cost is a factor, but let's all step up to the plate and make education the priority.
Christopher Dawson
There aren’t many people who aren’t utterly enamored of their iPads. But guess what, folks? There are alternatives. Apple will make plenty of money in education, but the iPad will not become the de facto choice for the “tablet in every backpack”.
As we’ve seen with Windows marketshare in education, no matter what sort of discounts or market positioning Apple applies to the iPad 2 when it launches the iPad 3 (think white MacBook), there will always be cheaper alternatives that meet the needs of students as well as the iPad and that don’t require buy-in to a closed ecosystem. Apple threw down the gauntlet with iBooks and iBooks Author and made it abundantly clear that for educational content on the iPad, it was the Apple way or the highway. While this will work for some settings, most will gravitate towards more open (and cheaper) solutions.
Jason Hiner
When we look at tablets for education, Apple is off to a running start with the iPad and interactive books, and this is likely to get Apple back into the education market and shape the education industry in the years ahead. Matt is absolutely correct that the Apple approach offers a simple, unified experience that a lot of schools and school systems are going to embrace.
Still, it's unlikely to become a universal standard. There is already a strong open source bent in a lot of the education sector and a lot of well-funded companies from Intel to OLPC want to continue to feed that. Budget realities will also drive a lot of educational institutions away from Apple and toward low-cost alternatives. So, Chris is ultimately correct that an iPad in every backpack is an impossible dream.
Posted by Jason Hiner