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More on HD, DRM, and CPU usage

By | September 8, 2007, 3:53pm PDT

Summary: I’ve been reporting my experiences with Windows Vista and playback of HD DVD and Blu-ray discs. Several commenters have expressed skepticism over my contention that Windows Vista’s DRM didn’t come into play at all, and I’ve also seen some raised eyebrows over my test results involving CPU usage. To put those questions to rest, I dug up an older, slower system without a single HDCP-compatible part. All it takes is a single two-buck part to produce perfect HD playback - at least for now.

This is a very quick follow-up to my previous post documenting my experience with HD DVD and Blu-ray playback on Windows Vista. (If you haven’t been following this story, you’ll want to read that post and its predecessor, Blu-ray, HD DVD, and Vista to get the proper background.) DRM doom-and-gloomers have tried their best to scare you into thinking that you’ll need to scrap your older monitors, video cards, and even HDTVs to play back HD content. They’re wrong, as I was able to demonstrate with a two-buck VGA cable.

In the Talkback section, several commenters expressed skepticism over my contention that Windows Vista’s DRM didn’t come into play at all. Here’s one typical comment:

You said that Vista’s DRM was not used. If PowerDVD supplied the complete end to end protected pipe, then why did MS add it into the OS? I think you mistake the PowerDVD app displaying the HDCP non compliant warning that Vista supplied to the application as not Vista DRM? (i.e. Vista’s monitoring reported to PowerDVD the problem, and PowerDVD displayed the information)

Another commenter thinks my measurements of CPU usage (Blu-ray disks required only 9% CPU on average) were out of line:

The statement regarding CPU usage is complete fancy. HD playback beats the crap out of your CPU. On an AMD Opteron 180/8600GT on an Abit mobo it pegs both cores at 90% on Vista using the XBox 360 drive and on a AMD 6600+/8800GT on an Asus board it hit’s 50% across both cores.

Well, there’s a very easy way to put both assertions to the test. I pulled the HD DVD/Blu-ray drive out of the system I had been using and plugged it into an older, slower system running Windows XP Media Center Edition 2005. I installed the same copy of PowerDVD Ultra. Neither the monitor nor the video card were HDCP-compatible.

When I tried to play either of the HD discs using a digital (DVI) connection, I was greeted with the exact same HDCP error message I showed in the previous post. The older operating system reported HDCP information to the player software, which in turn decided whether to allow playback. That proves to my satisfaction that Windows Vista isn’t involved at all in this playback restriction.

Ah, but that error message says I should try plugging in an analog connection. So I powered down the system and connected the same monitor using a VGA (D-Sub) connector instead. When I started the system back up and tried to play the same HD disc, everything worked just fine. As promised, PowerDVD Ultra pays no attention to HDCP over analog connections.

Now, the monitor I used for these tests is an old 18-inch LCD with a native resolution of 1280 x 1024. As a result, it displayed the HD content in letterbox format, at 1280 x 720 (720p) resolution. Obviously, the results couldn’t compare with the output of a 50-inch living room display, but the picture was rich and detailed and it looked great from a reasonable viewing distance. If I had connected it to a larger LCD monitor with a 1920 x 1280 resolution, there’s no reason why I shouldn’t have gotten full 1080p output.

To measure CPU usage, I ran Performance Monitor as a background task while I played a Blu-ray and HD DVD disc in the foreground. For a video adapter, I used a spare Nvidia 7600GS board I had lying around (similar adapters sell for $80 or so new). That’s nowhere near as capable as the 8600 GT I used earlier. The CPU in this system is an AMD Athlon 64 X2 3800+ (2.0 GHz). It’s considerably less powerful (and less expensive) than the Intel Core 2 Duo E6600 (2.4 GHz) on the XPS 410 I used for the earlier tests. These benchmarks at Anandtech peg the difference at 30-40%, and that feels about right to me. So how did this lesser system do?

  • On the Blu-ray disc, CPU usage was consistently in the 35-36% range. That’s considerably more than the 9% I measured using the other, more powerful PC, but it still leaves plenty of room to do other tasks in the background without overheating.
  • On the HD-DVD disc, CPU usage was in the 50-52% range, compared with approximately 24% for the same disc on the more muscular Core 2 Duo-based system. That still isn’t even close to overtaxing the system, though. (And I certainly wouldn’t recommend this older system as the centerpiece of a high-definition Media Center.)

I wouldn’t dream of trying to do HD playback with an underpowered video card. The latest generation of GPUs from ATI and Nvidia (even those found in relatively inexpensive cards) do an excellent job of offloading decompression from the CPU.

Analog playback has its own set of complications. If you use composite or S-video connectors, you get only SD output, regardless of the source media. A composite component connection works just fine up to 1080i (sorry, no 1080p), but very few video cards offer composite component connections, and adapters cost as much as a new video card. A VGA connection like the one I used here is your best bet. Just about every LCD monitor has this type of connection, although they’re not as common on HDTV equipment. And, of course, the entertainment industry has the option to disable or constrain analog output anytime, although it’s unlikely to happen for at least another three years, and maybe considerably longer. In hardware terms, that’s a long, long time.

Coming up next: Is it worth it?

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Ed Bott is an award-winning technology writer with more than two decades' experience writing for mainstream media outlets and online publications.

Disclosure

Ed Bott

Ed Bott is a freelance technical journalist and book author. All work that Ed does is on a contractual basis.

Since 1994, Ed has written more than 25 books about Microsoft Windows and Office. Along with various co-authors, Ed is completely responsible for the content of the books he writes. As a key part of his contractual relationship with publishers, he gives them permission to print and distribute the content he writes and to pay him a royalty based on the actual sales of those books. Ed's books written prior to fall 2011 have been distributed by Que Publishing (a division of Pearson Education) and by Microsoft Press. As of November 2011, Ed is a partner in the independent publishing company Fair Trade Digital Exchange, which exclusively publishes his books.

On occasion, Ed accepts consulting assignments. In recent years, he has worked as an expert witness in cases where his experience and knowledge of Microsoft and Microsoft Windows have been useful. In each such case, his compensation is on an hourly basis, and he is hired as a witness, not an advocate.

Ed does not own stock or have any other financial interest in Microsoft or any other software company. He owns 500 shares of stock in EMC Corporation, which was purchased before the company's acquisition of VMware. In addition, he owns 350 shares of stock in Intel Corporation, purchased more than two years ago. All stocks are held in retirement accounts for long-term growth.

Ed does not accept gifts from companies he covers. All hardware products he writes about are purchased with his own funds or are review units covered under formal loan agreements and are returned after the review is complete.

Biography

Ed Bott

Ed Bott is an award-winning technology writer with more than two decades' experience writing for mainstream media outlets and online publications. He's served as editor of the U.S. edition of PC Computing and managing editor of PC World; both publications had monthly paid circulation in excess of 1 million during his tenure. He is the author of more than 25 books on Microsoft Windows and Office, including the recently released Windows 7 Inside Out.

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well it isn't related, but he has a point
stevey_d 4th Oct 2007
If you have a low volume expensive appliance that you hook up to a windows PC running a program that talks to the hardware, and you sell these systems to your customers, this is what has happened.

1. It's hugely expensive to get your driver signed, and you need to get it signed every time it changes. This puts a lot of money into Microsoft's pocket, so most of the time, companies I describe don't do it. But the user experience in Vista is worse for your customers than it was in XP.

2. In order to allow your program to "be accepted" and not have to run as administrator all the time to talk to your hardware, you have to pay Microsoft $2000 per year for a Digital certificate. I can create a certificate for $0.50 in seconds. $2000 per year is gouging.
Developers are very very annoyed about this. (see NoAx' comments about it, and he is usually described as a Microsoft schill).
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So answer the question, I was one of the quoted
TripleII-21189418044173169409978279405827 8th Sep 2007
f PowerDVD supplied the complete end to end protected pipe, then why did MS add it into the OS?

You will also note that I put a ? mark at the end of the statement. If PowerDVD supplies all the DRM, and Vista doesn't actually do anything, doesn't that make all the Vista DRM useless? That is a serious question. If, using PowerDVD eliminates the need for the complete end to end secure pipe, etc, doesn't that make gaining access to the content quite easy?

As I noted following that...

See, if Vista is doing nothing, and PowerDVD is doing it all, that makes all the DRM in Vista absolutely useless, bypass the app's protections and then do what you want.

Isn't the purpose of the DRM to protect the content? If it truly is as flimsy as the above, and quoting myself again,

On a side note, can you really play full 1080p on XP? Do you need an HDCP monitor or not? If you can, then I can only chuckle at all the vista DRM effort.

If my last statement is true, then I completely stand by the new assertion that the DRM is NOT to protect any content whatsoever, if anyone with XP and an HD drive can just pipe the 1080p to whatever they want, all the protection is beyond useless. Does such a hole really exist? It makes DRM about nothing more than hardware churn. Why is a powerful enough video card allowed to play unprotected 1080p over VGA suddenly obsolete in Vista.

Again, I will ask, and honestly looking for clarification, what is the DRM in Vista doing when an app that supplies their "own" DRM causes Vista to do nothing to protect the content? I do hope that the DRM is as flimsy as all the above, and what you proved by playing 1080p in XP (OK, 720p, but I agree, no reason to think 1080 wouldn't work) because a Linux player will be trivial to craft to beat the AACS DRM that really doesn't exist.

TripleII

P.S. I hope you can forgive me for assuming that the new DRM subsytem to ensure protected content in Vista might actually be used in tandem with the player, if I am wrong, I apologize, and as I said, it will make for fair use workarounds quite easily.
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Contributr
Two words
Ed Bott 8th Sep 2007
Cable TV.

Seriously, I didn't design this subsystem and I don't defend it. But I can tell you that it will be the only way to get CableCARD content or IPTV via a PC.
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Contributr
In addition...
Ed Bott 8th Sep 2007
I've said all along that Vista's DRM is an option, and I stand by that. Developers can take advantage of the protected medis infrastructure if they want to, or they can build their own support for the restrictions on the media. And we are free to use or not use any of those players.
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If the DRM in vista is optional, then what's the point?

You say that cablecard will be the one exception. Why so, exactly?
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Contributr
It's a platform
Ed Bott 13th Sep 2007
Third parties can write their own apps with their own support for content restriction features. Vista adds support in the OS so that third parties can use that if they want. I'll do a follow-up post to answer this question, which seems to confuse the heck out of everyone.
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Do you have access to a full non protected HD movie?
TripleII-21189418044173169409978279405827 8th Sep 2007
I know it wouldn't be exactly apples to apples, but if you could burn an HD movie, say 15 minutes, to a regular DVD and play that through PowerDVD, you could ballpark and quantify the difference in CPU usage between protected and unprotected HD content. Does PowerDVD allow for unprotected to play over DVI to a non HDCP compliant monitor (i.e. does it always enforce HDCP even when it knows the playback is unprotected).

This could go a LONG way to putting the CPU question to bed. Are 2-3 year old systems just not powerful enough to play HD content regardless of encryption.

You could also see if any incorrect restrictions are deployed for unprotected.

Are these protected or unprotected?
http://www.microsoft.com/windows/windowsmedia/musicandvideo/hdvideo/contentshowcase.aspx

Maybe some of these samples?
http://usa.canon.com/app/html/See_The_Difference/hd_cmos.shtml

TripleII
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Contributr
I'll try
Ed Bott 8th Sep 2007
I have unprotected HD TV shows which can be burned to Blu-ray disc easily enough (just have to get the media).
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Tres Expensif
TripleII-21189418044173169409978279405827 8th Sep 2007
That's why I suggested just using a DVD, I figured that the reading stream would be the same CPU, but then again, if you want to make sure no loopholes. I honestly didn't know that you could ask to bypass the DRM, which to me makes it irrelevant. Any app can he hacked to not ask.

TripleII
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Contributr
Indeed it is
Ed Bott 9th Sep 2007
It would hurt tremendously to burn a Blu-ray coaster when the media runs $15-20 each!
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HD on DVD
TrPrince 10th Sep 2007
As I understand it you can burn HD to a regular DVD and play it using your HD DVD player. Would that be similar enough circumstances that the comparison would be relevant?
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Contributr
No, I don't think so
Ed Bott 10th Sep 2007
At that point, all I'm really doing is playing a WMV or MPEG file from DVD instead of from hard disk. I should be able to accomplish the same thing by playing the original file, and all I'm really doing at that point is measuring the CPU load required to decompress and decode that file format.
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cocclution please!
hen770@... 9th Sep 2007
I'm just frustrated, what do in need for playing 1080p , is Digital chain , Analog chain ( i understood the only VGA is compatible with 1080p)?
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Contributr
Either one
Ed Bott 9th Sep 2007
You need an unbroken chain of hardware and software that can deliver 1080p output. For digital, you can use either HDMI or DVI. For analog, you can only use VGA. If the content is unprotected, you don't need HDCP. If it's protected, you need an HDCP-compatible HDMI or DVI output.
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RE: More on HD, DRM, and CPU usage
mrlinux 10th Sep 2007
Well 2 things

1) Which HD Movie were you playing, because the Vista Protection Schemes are invoked based on the content providers(The group that produces the HD-DVD), if the movie you selected uses very few of the content protection features then you will see no load.

2) As far as playing back HD Movies on non HDCP capable systems this is not an issue, it is the quality of the movie, your article does not speak to the quality of the playback ???
Also content providers can also control whether you get constricted playback(lower resolution).
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Contributr
Please read again
Ed Bott 10th Sep 2007
"your article does not speak to the quality of the playback ???
"

Yes it does.

"As a result, it displayed the HD content in letterbox format, at 1280 x 720 (720p) resolution. Obviously, the results couldn?t compare with the output of a 50-inch living room display, but the picture was rich and detailed and it looked great from a reasonable viewing distance."

Sometimes I don't know why I bother.
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But did it really ??? ....
mrlinux 10th Sep 2007
"As a result, it displayed the HD content in letterbox format, at 1280 x 720 (720p) resolution."

And also how did it look (You just describe the mode not the quality).
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yes, it really did.
rtk 10th Sep 2007
"the picture was rich and detailed and it looked great from a reasonable viewing distance."
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Contributr
I give up
Ed Bott 10th Sep 2007
It's like talking to a wall.
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It is possible
TripleII-21189418044173169409978279405827 10th Sep 2007
From this link, 1080p over VGA is allowed, unprotected (for now, I am sure the rules will change). Now, your question, did the player/process actually do 720p natively or upconvert after being made 480i in the player, that is a valid question.

http://www.hometheatermag.com/xbox/207micro/

I know at one point, the rule was, if not encrypted, degrade the signal to regular DVD and upconvert, or limit to 520p, then upconvert to 1080 as best you can, but who can keep the rules straight. I could not find any technical details as to what PowerDVD does at their web site. Allowing 1080p over VGA must be a concession to MS for supporting the DRM in Vista and building an HD into their XBox.

To be honest, I find all of this amazing. A general consumer is going to be so beyond confused and in many cases think they have true HD when something along the chain limits them to 520p. It would look better than regular DVD so they would be "happy".

I think what we are seeing is the AACS and the MPAA work their hardest to snatch defeat of their formats from any possibility of success.

TripleII
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Meant as reply to mrlinux (NT)
TripleII-21189418044173169409978279405827 10th Sep 2007
NT
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Contributr
I have no idea what is on the minds of the decision-makers who designed the AACS standard. Those are generally driven by large groups of people with varying interests, and the final results are usually the product of lots of horse-trading. That's why I try to concentrate on how stuff actually works.

As for the 520p restriction, that is a CAPABILITY only at this point. To the best of my knowledge it has not been implemented in any released media, and probably won't until 2010-2012.
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Contributr
Blu-ray doesn't do 480i
Ed Bott 10th Sep 2007
"From this link, 1080p over VGA is allowed, unprotected (for now, I am sure the rules will change). Now, your question, did the player/process actually do 720p natively or upconvert after being made 480i in the player, that is a valid question."

Blu-ray media outputs in 1080p and 720p only. It doesn't include a 480i or 480p stream, so it would be nearly impossible (never say never) to imagine how the signal wold be downconverted and then upconverted and then still look good.

As for the ICT, read this:

http://www.blu-ray.com/faq/#bluray_analog_output

Hopefully that will be reassuring.
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I already read the FAQ
TripleII-21189418044173169409978279405827 10th Sep 2007
as background to a Blu-Ray article I wrote. It may come to pass that the ICT may never be allowed or successfully deployed (deployed, causes a problem, people scream, the companies say "oops", just a minor mistake), but the rules that can change still give me pause.

The movie studios will bend over backwards to play nice for now, but I think we all know that if they could, while growing marketshare and NOT have any consequences, the ICT would be on, BD-Plus would be active, mandatory internet connectivity would be here already. For now, the FAQ says "basic playback" will not require an internet connection, but repeated attempts by me to get these questions answered have been ignored.

"basic playback" means you can always play 1080i without an internet connection forever, or can "basic playback" be re-defined at a later time to 480, or 520, etc.

They have every right to (and will keep trying) to change the rules to increasingly restrict and hose customers, little by little until they get the highest level.

Anyway, sorry for ranting, I laud your efforts to outline how you got it to work, and hopefully, the CPU side can be put to rest. I think the DRM side will be a continually moving target until it dies.

TripleII
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Ed Read This
mrlinux 10th Sep 2007
From this link, 1080p over VGA is allowed, unprotected (for now, I am sure the rules will change). Now, your question, did the player/process actually do 720p natively or upconvert after being made 480i in the player, that is a valid question.
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Contributr
Please go away
Ed Bott 11th Sep 2007
I answered that question already. I answered all your other questions. I've doe so in good faith, and you persist in acting like a troll.

I'm done with you.
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RE: More on HD, DRM, and CPU usage
prospero424@... 11th Sep 2007
As far as "very few" video cards offering component output, I don't know if that's really true, even if it's true that MOST don't.

I know that most, if not all, of Nvidia's mainstream cards over the past couple of years have shipped with breakout cables/adapters that offer analog connections including component, composite, and S-Video, and I would be surprised if the same wasn't true for ATi.

I use my vanilla 7800GT to output at 1080i (using component) to an Aquos 42" and it looks fantastic (unless, of course, the content is protected/encrypted with AACS).

It doesn't really affect the point you were trying to make, which I believe to be perfectly valid, but I just wanted to add that and point out that the inability to output high-def BluRay and HDDVD content over an analog connection does negatively impact a large number of users in this regard.
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Unprotected HD playback
prospero424@... 11th Sep 2007
I'll also add that I watch unencrypted 720p and 1080p h.264 content on both my XP media center and my Vista workstation (same hardware), and there's absolutely NO difference in processor usage between Vista and XP.

I just mention this because some have claimed that Vista uses significantly more processor time during HD playback because it "polls" the media stream regardless of whether or not it's AACS-protected. That simply hasn't been true at all in my experience.
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Contributr
Thanks
Ed Bott 11th Sep 2007
That's a useful data point and is directly in line with my experience.
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That's what Gutmans' paper was about.
Anyway, I suspect DRM is well and truly dead now.
Amazon.com selling mp3, iTunes 99% MP3s. It's only a matter of time before video follows suit.
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Note
prospero424@... 11th Sep 2007
I guess I should note that I'm playing back this unencrypted content through "software"; no hardware acceleration from the video card (I use the CoreAVC Decoder). One would think that would make any hit on the CPU by media stream "polling" even more pronounced.

Like I said: I haven't seen anything of the sort when compared to XP.
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I think everyone is missing the point of DRM
The_Curmudgeon 13th Sep 2007
It wasn't put there to protect video or audio.
That's a red herring.
It was put in Vista to protect MS's idea of leasing instead of selling their applications.

MS has already done test runs in several countries and the revenue stream from leasing is much better than simply selling a copy of the applications, especially since most apps are mature products where the new versions don't really offer much in new, useful features.

Yes, I know that currently DRM does not affect those applications, but I am sure it could, or could be easily modified to do so.

It's Digital Rights Management, not AV rights management.
Feel free to flame me now, but I'll wait and see what happens 2-3 years down the road.
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Contributr
You really need to read up on this
Ed Bott 13th Sep 2007
You're so far off you might as well be on another planet.
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If you have a low volume expensive appliance that you hook up to a windows PC running a program that talks to the hardware, and you sell these systems to your customers, this is what has happened.

1. It's hugely expensive to get your driver signed, and you need to get it signed every time it changes. This puts a lot of money into Microsoft's pocket, so most of the time, companies I describe don't do it. But the user experience in Vista is worse for your customers than it was in XP.

2. In order to allow your program to "be accepted" and not have to run as administrator all the time to talk to your hardware, you have to pay Microsoft $2000 per year for a Digital certificate. I can create a certificate for $0.50 in seconds. $2000 per year is gouging.
Developers are very very annoyed about this. (see NoAx' comments about it, and he is usually described as a Microsoft schill).
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Do Not Buy Blu-Ray
wizardb@... 14th Sep 2007
Blu-Ray is owned by Sony (the company that keeps bring you root kits to screw up your computer)It's now the time to teach Sony about consumer power don't buy anything Sony or Bmg no movies ,no cds and no Blu-Ray anything this will hit Sony in their pocket book which is the only thing that they will understand DRM is Bad for the public plain and simple!
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Ha
teadogg4@... 14th Sep 2007
Right. So I should use HD DVD products over Blu Ray solely based on your personal distates for a company, right? Even though BDs performance in data access/storage is much better than HDDVD (as shown in Ed's articles with respective CPU usage %s), can store nearly 50% more data than HDDVD, and is currently outselling HDDVD media by almost 3 to 1 in worldwide sales.

If you're still here, troll, maybe you should realize that you'll get a better response by attacking the HDDVD camp for paying $150 million to weak-willed film studios, effectively prolonging this ridiculous HD format war for a few more years, just to have dual-format players ironically 'win' in the end.
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Perhaps...
Larry the Security Guy 14th Sep 2007
You should try to respond to the poster and not the story. Or, barring that, quote the bit to which you commented.

Why is it everyone who expresses an opinion (protected under the U.S. Constitution, last I heard), particularly one you (not you in particular) oppose, is a troll?

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