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The hidden costs of running Windows on a Mac

By | August 5, 2011, 3:00am PDT

Summary: Thinking of running Windows on a Mac? You can take your choice of Boot Camp or a virtual machine, but choose carefully. As I discovered, there are some hidden costs in performance. You might be surprised to find which option is faster.

You can run Windows on a Mac. That’s a big selling point for Apple, which gives this feature a marquee position on its “Why You’ll Love a Mac” page. Apple pitches it as the way to run “specialty software.” You know, “that one Windows application … that’s not available for the Mac.”

That’s actually a pretty compelling pitch for me. I have a handful of Windows programs that don’t have Mac alternatives, and I have both a Mac and a Windows PC on my desktop. So if a virtual machine can handle both Windows and OS X apps gracefully, I would have a much easier time moving back and forth.

On the Mac, I originally installed Windows 7 on a Boot Camp partition. But after a recent memory and disk upgrade I’ve been looking at virtualization software for OS X, which allows me to run Windows without having to first shut down OS X. It’s not exactly seamless, but it works. Before you try it, though, you should learn about the costs—some of them not so obvious at first glance.

There’s the monetary cost of software, of course, but there are also some hidden performance costs. In this post I discuss both.

The cost of software

You can pay for virtualization software or find a free alternative, but Windows itself isn’t free. And if your can’t-live-without it Windows app is Microsoft Office or an accounting program or a point-of-sale system, well, you have to pay for that too.

Let’s run the tape:

  • Windows 7 Professional $250 Under Windows license terms, the only option a normal consumer has for Windows 7 in a VM on a Mac is what’s called a Full Packaged Product (FPP) license. (Upgrades are only allowed if you are replacing the installed copy of OS X or a previous version of Windows installed in a VM. OEM copies are allowed only on new physical hardware.) At the Microsoft Store, that shrink-wrapped product costs $300. You can find it discounted from legitimate resellers for roughly $250, so let’s use that price.
  • Virtualization software $0-80 I’ve been testing VMWare Fusion and Parallels Desktop 6 for Mac. A full license for either one costs $80. I’ve been able to find discounts that take the cost into the sub-$60 range. VirtualBox is a free option, but when I looked at it a few months ago it was behind the others in terms of Windows support. If you plan to use Boot Camp exclusively, you can skip this line item.

That’s a bare minimum of $250 on top of the premium cost you pay for Apple’s hardware. It’s at least $300 if you use commercial virtualization software, and possibly much more if you need to pay for additional licenses for Windows apps.

The hidden performance costs

What I found even more interesting was the decrease in performance that you get when you run Windows on Apple hardware. To measure performance, I looked at the raw data that Windows captures when you run the Windows System Assessment tool (WinSAT.exe). You can look at the five numbers that make up the Windows Experience Index (WEI), but the detailed numbers are much more illuminating.

I looked at these numbers on my late-2009 Mac Mini, with a decent Core 2 Duo CPU, 8 GB of RAM, and a 7200RPM Seagate Momentus XT hybrid disk. The latter two pieces of the puzzle are recent upgrades, with the disk being a substantial improvement over the original sluggish 5400 RPM drive. I have Windows running in Boot Camp and in multiple virtual machines.

In addition, I collected performance information from my colleagues Zach Whittaker and Christopher Dawson, both of whom have new MacBook Airs running Windows on the side.

I was shocked at the differences in performance. Click through to the next page for details.

See also:

Page 2: Performance hits and misses –>

Topics

Ed Bott is an award-winning technology writer with more than two decades' experience writing for mainstream media outlets and online publications.

Disclosure

Ed Bott

Ed Bott is a freelance technical journalist and book author. All work that Ed does is on a contractual basis.

Since 1994, Ed has written more than 25 books about Microsoft Windows and Office. Along with various co-authors, Ed is completely responsible for the content of the books he writes. As a key part of his contractual relationship with publishers, he gives them permission to print and distribute the content he writes and to pay him a royalty based on the actual sales of those books. Ed's books written prior to fall 2011 have been distributed by Que Publishing (a division of Pearson Education) and by Microsoft Press. As of November 2011, Ed is a partner in the independent publishing company Fair Trade Digital Exchange, which exclusively publishes his books.

On occasion, Ed accepts consulting assignments. In recent years, he has worked as an expert witness in cases where his experience and knowledge of Microsoft and Microsoft Windows have been useful. In each such case, his compensation is on an hourly basis, and he is hired as a witness, not an advocate.

Ed does not own stock or have any other financial interest in Microsoft or any other software company. He owns 500 shares of stock in EMC Corporation, which was purchased before the company's acquisition of VMware. In addition, he owns 350 shares of stock in Intel Corporation, purchased more than two years ago. All stocks are held in retirement accounts for long-term growth.

Ed does not accept gifts from companies he covers. All hardware products he writes about are purchased with his own funds or are review units covered under formal loan agreements and are returned after the review is complete.

Biography

Ed Bott

Ed Bott is an award-winning technology writer with more than two decades' experience writing for mainstream media outlets and online publications. He's served as editor of the U.S. edition of PC Computing and managing editor of PC World; both publications had monthly paid circulation in excess of 1 million during his tenure. He is the author of more than 25 books on Microsoft Windows and Office, including the recently released Windows 7 Inside Out.

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I wouldn't have Windows anywhere near my Mac anyway
Laraine Anne Barker 22nd Jan
??????
A quick internet search revealed these WEI score clarifications published when Vista was introduced. (If Ed could update the following for Win 7 machines, perhaps that could be a useful bit of information.)

A WEI score of 4.0: PCs of mainstream and high-end performance of 2006/2007, with the option of using demanding applications and games. Windows Media Center enables smooth playing and recording of HD video.

A WEI score of 5.0: PC for demanding usage and for Windows Vista without any limitations. It meets the requirements for video processing, graphics and games needing high PC performance.

A WEI score of 5.9: The best of 2006/2007 (at the same time as Windows Vista was introduced to the market)

Any WEI score higher than 6.0, IMO, is useful for determining game rig performance bragging rights.

As readers can see, Ed's published "Boot Camp" WEI scores indicate a solid Windows experience for dual OS uses of Apple hardware. However, even those "VM" WEI scores suggest a more than adequate performance capability for running MS Office Suite apps.

Obviously, if a person uses apps in both OS environments on one computer and those apps are able to perform at an acceptable level, than any "performance hit" or cost penalty is irrelevant.

Also, another point to reiterate is that when running Windows in a VM, the more RAM installed on the host computer, the better. (Personally, I have both a high end late model iMac with 16 GB of RAM and a SSD drive plus a 4 GB MacBook and both machines run Windows in a VM machine quite nicely.)
@kenosha7777
I agree - a very useful article. Well done Ed.
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@kenosha7777 Your correct. I use VM Fusion 3 and it's not like my native i7-920/SLi with 12 Gig RAM Monsterbut its' good for development and everyday work, and I get the best of all three worlds on one machine.
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RE: The hidden costs of running Windows on a Mac
Harvey Lubin Updated - 5th Aug
@Ed Bott

"I have a handful of Windows programs that dont have Mac alternatives"

You probably meant to say "Mac versions", since there are always "Mac alternatives" to similar programs in Windows.

It's unfortunate that Windows users don't have the same option to run Mac programs that have no Windows versions (or even Mac OS X itself).

"Thats a bare minimum of $250 on top of the premium cost you pay for Apples hardware. Its at least $300 if you use commercial virtualization software, and possibly much more if you need to pay for additional licenses for Windows apps."

That's stretching things a bit. Virtual Box is actually quite a nice free alternative to the other commercial virtualization applications. And since many Windows users already have boxed copies of a newer version of Windows that they bought for their PCs, for many Windows users the price of using their Windows programs on a Mac would be $0 using either Virtual Box or Boot Camp.

"I looked at these numbers on my late-2009 Mac Mini, with a decent Core 2 Duo"

You are talking about an older, bottom-end Mac that is only about 1/3 the speed of the current model. If you ran Windows on a bottom-end Dell from 2009 you would not see any speed difference.

Windows running in a virtualization application does take a minor speed hit (usually not noticeable unless you are using graphics intensive programs). This is because it is running in emulation.

But Windows running in Boot Camp has no performance hit at all! Windows runs at full speed in Boot Camp just as it would on a similarly configured PC.
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@Harvey Lubin

I mentioned VirtualBox in the paragraph before the one you wuote. I even included a link to it. I explained why I didn't choose it. (It didn't support Aero until the version that was released literally three weeks ago.)

Half of my figures are from NEW 2011 MacBook Airs. The single hottest machine Apple sells right now. And the late-2009 Mac Mini is neither slow nor cheap. It's a very competitive machine, especially after it's been upgraded.
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@Ed, Yes I read your article.

Your reply misses the points entirely, and responds to things that I did not write. I did not write that the 2009 Mac mini was "slow", only that it is much slower than the current model, which is true.

But the main points which you seem to have missed are:

Point: Any virtualization of an OS on any platform (including on Windows PCs) will have a performance hit due to the fact that it is running in emulation, and NOT natively.

Point: Running Windows and Windows programs in Boot Camp is exactly as fast as it is on a similarly configured Windows PC. It is NOT slower!

Point: For many Windows users switching to a Mac, the price of running Windows and the Windows applications that they own is $0. Saying that the cost is "a bare minimum of $250" is totally untrue!
@Harvey Lubin

"For many Windows users switching to a Mac, the price of running Windows and the Windows applications that they own is $0."

Most windows users have windows via OEM, which is not legal to move to a vm. An incredibly small percentage would have a full retail version.
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@Harvey Lubin
"It's unfortunate that Windows users don't have the same option to run Mac programs that have no Windows versions (or even Mac OS X itself)."
I've been running a PC for well over 20 years, and never have I thought "If only I had a Mac to run this one Mac-only software..."
Don't mistake my words, I've had many Apple products (Mac Mini, iPad, iPod, and even a quad core Mac Pro). The lack of software seems to only be in one direction. PC software is not lagging behind Mac software by any stretch of the imagination. I've never thought, if only I had a Mac, I could run that software. But the onslaught of Parallels, bootcamp, and other technologies tends to prove the opposite of that concept. Even software that could have been considered within that realm has recently been castrated by Apple themselves (Final Cut Pro to Final Cut X).
At the same time, I am now left with a Mac Mini that is useless unless I put Win7 on it and give it away, an iPod that is so tied up in iTunes (a walled garden of DRM) that no one wants it for free, and a towering hunk of beautiful aluminum (Mac Pro) that has zero possibilities of upgrade beyond RAM, that left to consider the Total Cost of Ownership for any of it. Oh, about the iPad.. simple, no Flash, less than 20 useful apps out of the countless available, no Office apps (compatible or otherwise), and as of yet hasn't been anything more than a toy or device for consuming media (ala Netflix relegated).
Also, OSX dejour has gone from good to great to garbage with each subsequent release. Relying on some 'social' form of service (Apple forums) is a complete cop-out from actual paid employees researching true answers. In short, moving from one side of the fence to what Apple zealots consider the greener side, has proven quite the opposite. Get your Sh@# together, and then continue your rants. Otherwise, stay off blogs with your personal bias'.
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@kenosha7777

This is common sense psycho-stupid babble... Special Eddie just whote that running windows in a VM will suffer some performance loss and that you will have to pay for the OS and VM SW (if not using boot camp)... DUHHHHHHHHHH!!!! A potty trained chimp could tell you both of those things and it would have been far more entertaining.

You know what... that's not a bad idea... Get yerself a chimp outfit Eddie... Considering all the worthless drivel you write, it might seem acceptable if everyone thought it was coming from a potty trained chimp.
@i8thecat3
No I bet you a whooole lot of people don't know that running windows under a vm takes a performance hit. For a lot of people especially fanboys they think running windows on a mac is magical and instant with no cost in any way.
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Contributr
@i8thecat3

That you missed the whole part about running Windows in Boot Camp. WHICH IS NOT VIRTUALIZATION.

Now please go away before a moderator drops a house on you.
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Your Point Exactly?
PreachJohn 6th Aug
@i8thecat3---Sounds like you choked on a hairball on #3 cat, till you turned blue, and suffered consequent irreparable brain damage to ' whote' a post like this.
Seriously, what does your diatribe add to the discussion, in terms of making any points at all on a technical plane/basis?
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@ZDNet--After years on ZDNet, suddenly my password was ' incorrect'. I changed it back to what it always was, and so got back in to post.
What's going on?
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@i8thecat3
Have you been put in your place yet, or should we start a fund for your chimp outfit?
@kenosha7777 - agreed and well-said.

I do use Parallels 6, only for MySQL server and Toad, and MN Office 2010 (Windows version). The Mac version is garbage, so I'd rather pay the "hidden costs". If Microsoft actually bothered with some effort ("work", the opposite of "being lazy"), then we wouldn't need to chuck out $250 for Microsoft Windows on top of Office, which no longer has upgrade pricing as well... Things that make you go 'hmmm'... happy

I've used Photoshop for Windows via Parallels and can play kiddie 3D games like Unreal Tournament 2004 at very high frame rates on my 2009 Mac Pro (desktop tower).

There's no much that actually demands a computer's full CPU attention in Windows, and most of those apps (not all) can be found on the Mac as well.
thanks so much for subbing this! fake watches uk
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The I/O improvement
jessepollard 5th Aug
Is normal. This is what the Mac OSX provides by disk caching. It is also what makes putting servers in a VM a good thing. You get most (if not all) of the effect of a SSD (the original kind, not the flash memory).
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Contributr
Nope, that's not it
Ed Bott 5th Aug
@jessepollard

You can see the effects of cac hing in Sequential Reads. That's why I chose Random Reads. The differences are caused because in Boot Camp Apple restricts I/O to the IDE channel, whereas the virtualization solutions recognize the AHCI/ATA channel and load the proper drivers.
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@Ed Bott

Do you have a reference for this or is it based on observation? I did some searching and couldn't a mention of this issue.

It would be useful if you mentioned which version(s) of Boot Camp you were using.
@Ed Bott - Is that because it is required to use Apple drivers for all hardware? I'm not familiar enough with the Apple infrastructure to know if third-party drivers exist.

If Apple drivers are required, does anyone know if there is an effort to get Apple to release AHCI drivers for Boot Camp mode?
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Contributr
Observation
Ed Bott Updated - 6th Aug
@philip.robar

This is based on extensive observation and testing. The biggest problem is that a Mac does not have a BIOS where you can change the operation of the onboard controller from legacy IDE mode to AHCI. most modern PCs have this option, but because Macs use EFI it simply isn't available.

I researched this extensively a year or so ago and was able to find lots of people with the same complaint, but no solutions.

Update: Just did some more searching. Some people are having limited success enabling AHCI in 2011 model MacBook Pros, but it requires patching the MBR on the Windows partition and it causes the Boot Camp Control Panel to stop working.
@Ed Bott I believe part of the problem is that Windows does not recognize the EFI implementation Apple chose and that is part of the problem. I fear we might not see an improvement here until either Apple updates their EFI or Microsoft supports their EFI version.
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OEM Copy
itguy10 5th Aug
You should be able to still buy an OEM copy of Windows at a significant cost savings. You get 0 support but the license terms should still apply.

But then again, the reason for getting a Mac is usually to avoid Windows....
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Contributr
Sorry, no
Ed Bott 5th Aug
@itguy10

Although there is nothing to prevent you from installing an OEM copy in a VM, it is not allowed under the license terms.

I've written extensively about this.
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RE: The hidden costs of running Windows on a Mac
The Danger is Microsoft 5th Aug
@Ed Bott - Sorry, yes. You can buy a new hard drive with an OEM copy of windows. Done.
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@Ed Bott
Thanks Ed for your great article.

I still have a full version of Vista from a decommissioned machine somewhere. I think legally it should be okay for Windows 7 upgrade with it? (Of course I would use clean install trick instead of upgrade vista or double-install)
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Contributr
@Danger

There is no longer a requirement to buy an OEM copy of Windows with hardware. That was removed at least three years ago. As I said, you CAN install an OEM copy in a VM. There is no technical limitation to prohibit it. But it is prohibited by the license agreement.
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Contributr
Sounds about right
Ed Bott 5th Aug
@Samic

If the machine is decommissioned and it is an FPP copy of Windows, then you can transfer that license to the VM and it qualfiies for an upgrade price.
@Ed Bott - 1. Nobody reads the license terms. 2. I can't see Microsoft attacking a paying customer for violating the license terms in that way. Retail upgrade customers are a rare species. Most people think Windows is included free with a PC and wouldn't dream of paying for an upgrade.
@bregalad : Nobody cares if you put an OEM copy in Bootcamp but a company can't do that. They get audited [or the BSA comes in] and you are talking about fines. This to save $100?
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@Ed Bott
LOL, again, great job Ed. Far be it from factual, legal, demonstrable advice to get in the way of those that slap the 'continue' key on every EULA encountered. I don't envy your position or approach to truth.
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Another Lie, itguy10?
Mister Spock 7th Aug
@itguy10
It is quite apparent to many that dual boot that the reason for purchasing a Mac is that they produce good quality hardware.

As allways, your hatred of Microsoft clouds your reasoning on the subject matter at hand.
plain
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RE: The hidden costs of running Windows on a Mac
FuzzyBunnySlippers Updated - 10th Aug
@Mister Spock
Yet, in many respects, the 'need' to dual boot could be considered illogical, if there are no known benefits outside the realm of biased perspective. One operating system, logically, will overcome every obstacle (virus/anti-virus, measure/countermeasure) and inherently become a greater singularity (summated components) than all others. Windows, with it's known deficiencies, has become a greater whole than OS X by the simple virtue that it has embraced imperfection as a known quantity, and has incorporated means (antivirus, antimalware) technologies into it's very core. Other operating systems have as yet come to any conclusion about said measures/countermeasures, and have yet to even consider security breach as a possibility. Lacking such measures, and discrediting any such possibilities, renders the latter less prepared than the former.

Even Spock should acknowledge such apparent logic.
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Message has been deleted.
kent42 Updated - 5th Aug
I know it is under volume license, but I wasn't sure if its a qualifying license that you can use to upgrade to Windows 7 (clean install of course) In terms of penalty and performance, I think its negligible, because if you are just running that key Windows app, it won't make a difference. So if its a POS app, which doesn't need to be fancy, the ability to simply switch between it and OS X is more convenient than Boot Camp. If you want to run Photoshop, Video editors and any other high end app, you wouldn't own a Mac in the first place or you would already be considering Boot Camp from the get go.
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RE: The hidden costs of running Windows on a Mac
The Danger is Microsoft 5th Aug
@adacosta38 - seems fairly obvious you would just use the Mac versions of Photoshop and Video editing software.
@The Danger is Microsoft Probably the user just wants the Mac as a status symbol, but necessarily the software to get work done or reinvest in new wares.
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@adacosta38

You should be able to find a link pretty easily. But this is a replacement, not a side-by-side license.
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KVM
Dietrich T. Schmitz, Your Linux Advocate! Updated - 5th Aug
Performance of Windows running on Ubuntu Linux x64 kvm is superior (Type 1 hypervisor).

Cost Ubuntu: $0
KVM: built-in, $0

What you get: At near or close to 'Native Performance' for Free. That's Awesome.
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@Dietrich T. Schmitz, Your Linux Advocate! Hackintosh doesn't cut it for most people, so that's not really a solution (and it's a violation of the MacOS license).
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I am not sponsoring doing anything illegal--but...
Dietrich T. Schmitz, Your Linux Advocate! 5th Aug
@TheWerewolf
Anybody who lives with VMs already knows how to configure Hackintosh anyhow.

My point: KVM is superior to any other form of virtualization other than VMware ESX, which is proprietary.

There's a reason for why RedHat's VM RHEV business is burgeoning and why there now exists the Open Virtualization Alliance.

KVM: It's awesome.

I stake my reputation on it.
@Dietrich T. Schmitz, Your Linux Advocate! I stake my reputation on it.

I'm being serious here, and actually trying to be helpful. Please stop using that line, you sound like a used car salesman. I honestly couldn't take some seriously who uses that line.
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Wow.
Dietrich T. Schmitz, Your Linux Advocate! Updated - 5th Aug
@Badgered
Was it worth it to you to write that?
I am not trying to goad you on or anyone else--I believe in what I write, and, thus, that's my sign-off.

Nothing personal is meant by it.
Peace out.
@Dietrich T. Schmitz, Your Linux Advocate! Was it worth it to you to write that?

Since it fell on deaf ears... obviously not.
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RE: The hidden costs of running Windows on a Mac
ItsTheBottomLine Updated - 5th Aug
@Badgered OMG - Thank you, thank you, thank you!
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I agree with Badgered, Mr. Schmitz
Mister Spock 7th Aug
@TheWerewolf
the fact that this article had nothing to do with Linux, why are you here posting abouy Linux?

You do come across as nothing more then a "used car salesman", placing your sales pitch into article that have nothing to do with your limited solution.

Since you are having trouble surviving in the Windows?Mac world, I would suggest that you either learn the systems that people are chosing, or go spend your time on boards that mey be interested in hearing what you are preaching.

It really is that simple.
plain
@TheWerewolf Is Linux Advocate an appointed position or not? Could we have elections to choose a new Linux advocate? I'm sure with the zdnet handle "chmod777" that's a Linux user. There's a few more, and I'd throw my hat in the ring only if no one else wanted the position. I'm sure we could find someone who could provide a Linux perspective on things (only when subject appropriate!) without being so over the top as to appear, if not be, a troll.
@Dietrich T. Schmitz, Your Linux Advocate!

$1000. Ubuntu has may be free, but the software it includes SUCKS.
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Contributr
This isn't about Linux
Ed Bott 5th Aug
@Dietrich

This artricle is written for people who CHOOSE to purchase a Mac and choose to run Windows on it.

Once again you have hijacked a comment thread to push your own agenda.

Please stop. I ask you politely. Stop. Do not do this anymore.
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@Ed Bott - Thank you!
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