XP, Vista, or Windows 7: Which OS is more secure?

By | August 18, 2009, 9:01pm PDT

Summary: Over the past couple years, I’ve been regularly checking in to measure whether Windows Vista is living up to its promise of being more secure than its predecessor, Windows XP. My metric is a simple but effective one: count the number of Microsoft Security Bulletins rated Critical or Important for different Windows versions over time. Has Vista maintained its security advantage over the past year? And are there any indications as to how Windows 7 will fare, now that it’s been released to manufacturing? I’ve got this year’s numbers

Over the past couple years, I’ve been regularly checking in to measure whether Windows Vista is living up to its promise of being more secure than its predecessor, Windows XP. (To catch up with previous installments, see October 2007, “One year later, Vista really is more secure,” and July 2008, “21 months later, Vista is still more secure than XP.”)

My metric is a simple but effective one: count the number of Microsoft Security Bulletins rated Critical or Important for different Windows versions over time. In both previous installments, Vista had a significant edge edge over XP, with far fewer updates required. Has Vista maintained its security advantage over the past year? And are there any indications as to how Windows 7 will fare, now that it’s been released to manufacturing?

The answer to both questions is yes.

It’s far too early to make definitive judgments about the relative security of Windows 7, but Microsoft’s shiny new OS had a banner first month. A total of eight Microsoft security bulletins were aimed at various Windows versions. Three of them were rated Critical for both Windows XP and Windows Vista, even with the most recent service packs. Another two security updates were rated Important for Windows XP and Moderate for Windows Vista.

But for all eight of the August 2009 security updates, Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 were listed under the Non-Affected Software heading. Not a single one of those security holes required patching in the new OS.

That’s the same pattern that Windows Vista established when it was new. And Vista has maintained its safer-than-thou reputation in the past year. I went through every single security bulletin Microsoft published for the past 12 months, from September 2008 through August 2009. The totals?

Windows XP: 22 Critical, 16 Important

Windows Vista: 18 Critical, 11 Important

That’s a 24% reduction in the number of patches rated Critical or Important—the kind that typically involve remote code execution or escalation of privileges. Or, to put it another way, that’s 3.2 patches per month for XP and 2.4 patches for Vista. (And the next time someone complains about the number of patches they have to install for Windows, be sure to show them that number: 2.4 patches per month, delivered automatically on the first Tuesday of each month, isn’t exactly overwhelming.)

So what’s the difference? Security Bulletin MS09-032 is typical:

This security update resolves a privately reported vulnerability that is currently being exploited. The vulnerability in Microsoft Video ActiveX Control could allow remote code execution if a user views a specially crafted Web page with Internet Explorer, instantiating the ActiveX control. This ActiveX control was never intended to be instantiated in Internet Explorer. … 

This security update is rated Critical for all supported editions of Windows XP….

That vulnerability doesn’t exist in Windows Vista or in Windows 7. And both of those newer operating systems have an additional advantage. As the bulletin notes: “Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights.” That, of course, is the whole point of the user model that was dissed so thoroughly in Windows Vista. But it seems to be working.

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Ed Bott is an award-winning technology writer with more than two decades' experience writing for mainstream media outlets and online publications.

Disclosure

Ed Bott

Ed Bott is a freelance technical journalist and book author. All work that Ed does is on a contractual basis.

Since 1994, Ed has written more than 25 books about Microsoft Windows and Office. Along with various co-authors, Ed is completely responsible for the content of the books he writes. As a key part of his contractual relationship with publishers, he gives them permission to print and distribute the content he writes and to pay him a royalty based on the actual sales of those books. Ed's books are currently distributed by Que Publishing (a division of Pearson Education) and by Microsoft Press.

On occasion, Ed accepts consulting assignments. In recent years, he has worked as an expert witness in cases where his experience and knowledge of Microsoft and Microsoft Windows have been useful. In each such case, his compensation is on an hourly basis, and he is hired as a witness, not an advocate.

Ed does not own stock or have any other financial interest in Microsoft or any other software company. He owns 500 shares of stock in EMC Corporation, which was purchased before the company's acquisition of VMWare. In addition, he owns 350 shares of stock in Intel Corporation, purchased more than two years ago. All stocks are held in retirement accounts for long-term growth.

Ed does not accept gifts from companies he covers. All hardware products he writes about are purchased with his own funds or are review units covered under formal loan agreements and are returned after the review is complete.

Biography

Ed Bott

Ed Bott is an award-winning technology writer with more than two decades' experience writing for mainstream media outlets and online publications. He's served as editor of the U.S. edition of PC Computing and managing editor of PC World; both publications had monthly paid circulation in excess of 1 million during his tenure. He is the author of more than 25 books on Microsoft Windows and Office, including the recently released Windows 7 Inside Out.

Talkback Most Recent of 250 Talkback(s)

  • RE: XP, Vista, or Windows 7: Which OS is more secure?
    The writer obviously needs a lesson in Microsoft security if his reason for calling Vista more secure than XP is "You have to patch it less". Microsoft is known for keeping things secret from the public, just not acknowledging them or just taking their sweet time fixing things. The ActiveX component that he's talking about, it took MS around a year to solve that issue.

    http://www.examiner.com/x-14651-Minneapolis-Information-Technology-Examiner~y2009m7d9-Microsoft-acknowledged-this-latest-ActiveX-bug-a-year-ago-so-why-isnt-it-fixed

    So according to the writer's opinion, this issue didn't count as a security issue because it wasn't fixed until now. If he were to say, go out and really do some research, then I might be able to determine if he's creditable or not. From my stand point here in the field, he's not.

    Here's some proof: Do you know that the Windows Logon Screen Saver is a security flaw? It is, simply shutdown Windows, and either use a Windows Recovery CD, or put your hard drive into another system. (FYI, this assumes you don't have the password for a system that has a password; Google is your friend if you need help, Yahoo and Bing are sales people) Rename C:\windows\system32\logon.scr to logon.scr1 (back it up to hide your trail). Then copy cmd.exe to logon.scr and restart the computer. Wait about 5-15 minutes for the screen saver to appear and viola, you have a command line. When you're done, use the Recovery CD again, or put the hard drive in the other computer again and then delete logon.scr and then rename logon.scr1 to logon.scr and reboot.

    You can do this with any other program you want as well, say another command line program if yours doesn't want to work properly. The command prompt will give you System access so you can play with almost anything out there. When it loads up, type in Explorer to get the shell, but keep in mind, Explorer will kill itself usually, but the command prompt will still be there (Alt+Tab is your friend here). This is a security flaw, and is there a patch to it yet?

    I'm a computer technician, and I've used this to get into several computers. Some with viruses, some with idiot users.

    If the screen saver ran with Guest or Limited permissions, then yeah it could be seen as a non-issue, but it's running as SYSTEM. You can edit the registry so that when an Admin logs on, you can run a malicious program that will take over the system, and it will have Admin access.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    SomeCritic
    18th Aug 2009
  • ok, right
    so hackers coming at you from the internet are really going to be able to put the windows recovery CD in your drive or, better yet, get your hard drive and install it into their system... right that's what is going to happen.

    Any computer system where someone has physical access to it is toast...
    ZDNet Gravatar
    ozguy
    18th Aug 2009
  • Actually...
    most modern servers (HP, IBM, Dell) have remote LOM, and most LOM systems allow you to set up a virtual (remote) DVD drive. If your LOM password is weak it's not that difficult to do.
    As to your statement: "Any computer system where someone has physical access to it is toast... "
    Untrue. Solaris 10 with Trusted Extensions, if set up properly, cannot be hacked from the keyboard short of a complete reinstall (ask me how I know), which technically isn't hacked, just blown away. The lesson I learned is make sure all your policies are in place and work as expected before activating trusted extensions.
    [edited to fix a typo]
    ZDNet Gravatar
    914four
    20th Aug 2009
  • Seriously?
    You're saying that Windows is insecure because it can be compromised if an attacker has physical access.

    Name one standard OS that CAN'T be compromised under the same situation (attacker has direct physical access to the server). One.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    alkanshel
    19th Aug 2009
  • Solaris 10
    Once you've activated Trusted Extensions.
    Just be careful, once you've turned it on you can't turn it off.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    914four
    20th Aug 2009
  • Drive encryption.
    Any OS that offers drive encryption.

    Windows Vista/7 with bitlocker.

    Any OS with TrueCrypt.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    CobraA1
    20th Aug 2009
  • Easier Way
    It is much easier if you ar trying to access a Windows XP Home computer to just boot into safe mode. The log in screen will show the Administrator account which is not password protected. Just click on the Administrator icon and you will go right in. If the user has password protected the Admin account, you will be stopped. How many people know to boot XP home into safe mode and put a password on the Admin account. I suspect the Admin account is hidden and has no password so Microsoft could help users get back into their system if they forget their password.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    Boykin01
    19th Aug 2009
  • Or boot from a flash drive
    ...Which can get you root for Linux, IIRC. Haven't tried it with Windows, but it's probably possible.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    alkanshel
    19th Aug 2009
  • That's not proof
    This has nothing to do with physical security. As the others have said, if you have in-person access to a box, it can pretty much be considered compromised.

    This is why encryption is still necessary, and the encryption software makers of the world still turn a profit.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    beoz
    19th Aug 2009
  • Actually...
    Uhm AppLocker, BitLocker, UAC, etc are pretty good protection systems that all of the others lacks of, inform yourself
    ZDNet Gravatar
    keoz
    19th Aug 2009
  • Trolling again Ed???
    You got them going again, as usual
    ZDNet Gravatar
    Mark Grobler
    19th Aug 2009
  • Seems it takes very little
    to get the bashers going on here
    ZDNet Gravatar
    JasonJD48
    20th Aug 2009
  • That is GOD'S OWN TRUTH!!!
    "Seems it takes very little to get the bashers going on here "
    --JasonJD48

    You should see the threads when the subject of open source software comes up! Absolutely unbelievable.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    nbahn
    21st Aug 2009
  • For the record...
    I love open software, being of limited means, I couldn't do a lot of what I do without the programmers who put in their time and energy for free

    I just happen to like Windows, and I just happen to like using IE for somethings.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    JasonJD48
    22nd Aug 2009
  • Oh, please . . .
    "The writer obviously needs a lesson in Microsoft security if his reason for calling Vista more secure than XP is 'You have to patch it less'."

    I think it's a decent measure. It gives you an idea of how much a system is likely to be affected by potential security threats. Most threats are going to be from the Internet, not from a local repair shop.

    "simply shutdown Windows, and either use a Windows Recovery CD, or put your hard drive into another system."

    This is an extremely rare worst case scenario. You need physical access to the system to perform such an attack.

    If somebody is going THAT far to grab your data, then all Linux, UNIX, and MacOS systems are vulnerable as well. The only thing that will protect you from that type of attack is an encrypted drive.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    CobraA1
    20th Aug 2009

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