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XP, Vista, or Windows 7: Which OS is more secure?

By | August 18, 2009, 9:01pm PDT

Summary: Over the past couple years, I’ve been regularly checking in to measure whether Windows Vista is living up to its promise of being more secure than its predecessor, Windows XP. My metric is a simple but effective one: count the number of Microsoft Security Bulletins rated Critical or Important for different Windows versions over time. Has Vista maintained its security advantage over the past year? And are there any indications as to how Windows 7 will fare, now that it’s been released to manufacturing? I’ve got this year’s numbers

Over the past couple years, I’ve been regularly checking in to measure whether Windows Vista is living up to its promise of being more secure than its predecessor, Windows XP. (To catch up with previous installments, see October 2007, “One year later, Vista really is more secure,” and July 2008, “21 months later, Vista is still more secure than XP.”)

My metric is a simple but effective one: count the number of Microsoft Security Bulletins rated Critical or Important for different Windows versions over time. In both previous installments, Vista had a significant edge edge over XP, with far fewer updates required. Has Vista maintained its security advantage over the past year? And are there any indications as to how Windows 7 will fare, now that it’s been released to manufacturing?

The answer to both questions is yes.

It’s far too early to make definitive judgments about the relative security of Windows 7, but Microsoft’s shiny new OS had a banner first month. A total of eight Microsoft security bulletins were aimed at various Windows versions. Three of them were rated Critical for both Windows XP and Windows Vista, even with the most recent service packs. Another two security updates were rated Important for Windows XP and Moderate for Windows Vista.

But for all eight of the August 2009 security updates, Windows 7 and Windows Server 2008 R2 were listed under the Non-Affected Software heading. Not a single one of those security holes required patching in the new OS.

That’s the same pattern that Windows Vista established when it was new. And Vista has maintained its safer-than-thou reputation in the past year. I went through every single security bulletin Microsoft published for the past 12 months, from September 2008 through August 2009. The totals?

Windows XP: 22 Critical, 16 Important

Windows Vista: 18 Critical, 11 Important

That’s a 24% reduction in the number of patches rated Critical or Important—the kind that typically involve remote code execution or escalation of privileges. Or, to put it another way, that’s 3.2 patches per month for XP and 2.4 patches for Vista. (And the next time someone complains about the number of patches they have to install for Windows, be sure to show them that number: 2.4 patches per month, delivered automatically on the first Tuesday of each month, isn’t exactly overwhelming.)

So what’s the difference? Security Bulletin MS09-032 is typical:

This security update resolves a privately reported vulnerability that is currently being exploited. The vulnerability in Microsoft Video ActiveX Control could allow remote code execution if a user views a specially crafted Web page with Internet Explorer, instantiating the ActiveX control. This ActiveX control was never intended to be instantiated in Internet Explorer. … 

This security update is rated Critical for all supported editions of Windows XP….

That vulnerability doesn’t exist in Windows Vista or in Windows 7. And both of those newer operating systems have an additional advantage. As the bulletin notes: “Users whose accounts are configured to have fewer user rights on the system could be less impacted than users who operate with administrative user rights.” That, of course, is the whole point of the user model that was dissed so thoroughly in Windows Vista. But it seems to be working.

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Ed Bott is an award-winning technology writer with more than two decades' experience writing for mainstream media outlets and online publications.

Disclosure

Ed Bott

Ed Bott is a freelance technical journalist and book author. All work that Ed does is on a contractual basis.

Since 1994, Ed has written more than 25 books about Microsoft Windows and Office. Along with various co-authors, Ed is completely responsible for the content of the books he writes. As a key part of his contractual relationship with publishers, he gives them permission to print and distribute the content he writes and to pay him a royalty based on the actual sales of those books. Ed's books written prior to fall 2011 have been distributed by Que Publishing (a division of Pearson Education) and by Microsoft Press. As of November 2011, Ed is a partner in the independent publishing company Fair Trade Digital Exchange, which exclusively publishes his books.

On occasion, Ed accepts consulting assignments. In recent years, he has worked as an expert witness in cases where his experience and knowledge of Microsoft and Microsoft Windows have been useful. In each such case, his compensation is on an hourly basis, and he is hired as a witness, not an advocate.

Ed does not own stock or have any other financial interest in Microsoft or any other software company. He owns 500 shares of stock in EMC Corporation, which was purchased before the company's acquisition of VMware. In addition, he owns 350 shares of stock in Intel Corporation, purchased more than two years ago. All stocks are held in retirement accounts for long-term growth.

Ed does not accept gifts from companies he covers. All hardware products he writes about are purchased with his own funds or are review units covered under formal loan agreements and are returned after the review is complete.

Biography

Ed Bott

Ed Bott is an award-winning technology writer with more than two decades' experience writing for mainstream media outlets and online publications. He's served as editor of the U.S. edition of PC Computing and managing editor of PC World; both publications had monthly paid circulation in excess of 1 million during his tenure. He is the author of more than 25 books on Microsoft Windows and Office, including the recently released Windows 7 Inside Out.

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Look at point #3...
JCitizen 26th Sep 2009
for the "thin-client" latency problem. Actually todays hardware infrastructure has made the word, obsolete!
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The writer obviously needs a lesson in Microsoft security if his reason for calling Vista more secure than XP is "You have to patch it less". Microsoft is known for keeping things secret from the public, just not acknowledging them or just taking their sweet time fixing things. The ActiveX component that he's talking about, it took MS around a year to solve that issue.

http://www.examiner.com/x-14651-Minneapolis-Information-Technology-Examiner~y2009m7d9-Microsoft-acknowledged-this-latest-ActiveX-bug-a-year-ago-so-why-isnt-it-fixed

So according to the writer's opinion, this issue didn't count as a security issue because it wasn't fixed until now. If he were to say, go out and really do some research, then I might be able to determine if he's creditable or not. From my stand point here in the field, he's not.

Here's some proof: Do you know that the Windows Logon Screen Saver is a security flaw? It is, simply shutdown Windows, and either use a Windows Recovery CD, or put your hard drive into another system. (FYI, this assumes you don't have the password for a system that has a password; Google is your friend if you need help, Yahoo and Bing are sales people) Rename C:\windows\system32\logon.scr to logon.scr1 (back it up to hide your trail). Then copy cmd.exe to logon.scr and restart the computer. Wait about 5-15 minutes for the screen saver to appear and viola, you have a command line. When you're done, use the Recovery CD again, or put the hard drive in the other computer again and then delete logon.scr and then rename logon.scr1 to logon.scr and reboot.

You can do this with any other program you want as well, say another command line program if yours doesn't want to work properly. The command prompt will give you System access so you can play with almost anything out there. When it loads up, type in Explorer to get the shell, but keep in mind, Explorer will kill itself usually, but the command prompt will still be there (Alt+Tab is your friend here). This is a security flaw, and is there a patch to it yet?

I'm a computer technician, and I've used this to get into several computers. Some with viruses, some with idiot users.

If the screen saver ran with Guest or Limited permissions, then yeah it could be seen as a non-issue, but it's running as SYSTEM. You can edit the registry so that when an Admin logs on, you can run a malicious program that will take over the system, and it will have Admin access.
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ok, right
ozguy 18th Aug 2009
so hackers coming at you from the internet are really going to be able to put the windows recovery CD in your drive or, better yet, get your hard drive and install it into their system... right that's what is going to happen.

Any computer system where someone has physical access to it is toast...
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Actually...
914four Updated - 20th Aug 2009
most modern servers (HP, IBM, Dell) have remote LOM, and most LOM systems allow you to set up a virtual (remote) DVD drive. If your LOM password is weak it's not that difficult to do.
As to your statement: "Any computer system where someone has physical access to it is toast... "
Untrue. Solaris 10 with Trusted Extensions, if set up properly, cannot be hacked from the keyboard short of a complete reinstall (ask me how I know), which technically isn't hacked, just blown away. The lesson I learned is make sure all your policies are in place and work as expected before activating trusted extensions.
[edited to fix a typo]
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Seriously?
alkanshel 19th Aug 2009
You're saying that Windows is insecure because it can be compromised if an attacker has physical access.

Name one standard OS that CAN'T be compromised under the same situation (attacker has direct physical access to the server). One.
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Solaris 10
914four 20th Aug 2009
Once you've activated Trusted Extensions.
Just be careful, once you've turned it on you can't turn it off.
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Drive encryption.
CobraA1 20th Aug 2009
Any OS that offers drive encryption.

Windows Vista/7 with bitlocker.

Any OS with TrueCrypt.
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Easier Way
Boykin01 19th Aug 2009
It is much easier if you ar trying to access a Windows XP Home computer to just boot into safe mode. The log in screen will show the Administrator account which is not password protected. Just click on the Administrator icon and you will go right in. If the user has password protected the Admin account, you will be stopped. How many people know to boot XP home into safe mode and put a password on the Admin account. I suspect the Admin account is hidden and has no password so Microsoft could help users get back into their system if they forget their password.
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Or boot from a flash drive
alkanshel 19th Aug 2009
...Which can get you root for Linux, IIRC. Haven't tried it with Windows, but it's probably possible.
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That's not proof
beoz 19th Aug 2009
This has nothing to do with physical security. As the others have said, if you have in-person access to a box, it can pretty much be considered compromised.

This is why encryption is still necessary, and the encryption software makers of the world still turn a profit.
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Actually...
keoz 19th Aug 2009
Uhm AppLocker, BitLocker, UAC, etc are pretty good protection systems that all of the others lacks of, inform yourself
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Trolling again Ed???
Mark Grobler 19th Aug 2009
You got them going again, as usual
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Seems it takes very little
JasonJD48 20th Aug 2009
to get the bashers going on here
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That is GOD'S OWN TRUTH!!!
nbahn 21st Aug 2009
"Seems it takes very little to get the bashers going on here "
--JasonJD48

You should see the threads when the subject of open source software comes up! Absolutely unbelievable.
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For the record...
JasonJD48 22nd Aug 2009
I love open software, being of limited means, I couldn't do a lot of what I do without the programmers who put in their time and energy for free

I just happen to like Windows, and I just happen to like using IE for somethings.
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Oh, please . . .
CobraA1 20th Aug 2009
"The writer obviously needs a lesson in Microsoft security if his reason for calling Vista more secure than XP is 'You have to patch it less'."

I think it's a decent measure. It gives you an idea of how much a system is likely to be affected by potential security threats. Most threats are going to be from the Internet, not from a local repair shop.

"simply shutdown Windows, and either use a Windows Recovery CD, or put your hard drive into another system."

This is an extremely rare worst case scenario. You need physical access to the system to perform such an attack.

If somebody is going THAT far to grab your data, then all Linux, UNIX, and MacOS systems are vulnerable as well. The only thing that will protect you from that type of attack is an encrypted drive.
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Without reading the article first:
Cylon Centurion Updated - 18th Aug 2009
I can say it *ain't* XP :P
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Reasonable metric?
rgod8855 18th Aug 2009
I think a better metric would be the total number of exposure days based on when the flaw was found until the flaw was patched. It complicates the calculation but it reflects the stability of the operating system. So one flaw that took six months to fix would be the same as six flaws that took one month to fix. Obviously there are other considerations, but I'm still impressed with other systems or browsers that respond much more quickly (i.e. Mozilla, etc.)
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Apples and Oranges
rhonin 19th Aug 2009
You're mixing fixes with time to fix.
One is a "hole"
One is response time

Kind of like crime.
- how safe is my neighborhood?
- what is the local police response time?

My first choice is safer.

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Re: Reasonable metric
Railroad Buff 19th Aug 2009
Another metric worth considering is to do Ed's counting for the same number of days since release of the OS, not the same calendar time period. Attackers of Windows XP versus Windows Vista have a much larger target group to attack and thus more incentive to go after it, and they have had much more time to scout it out. A 20-25% difference as indicated by Ed's numbers appears fairly unsurprising from this point of view.
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Contributr
Not so
Ed Bott 19th Aug 2009
Much more important is the development environment. Many of the patches described here affect core components of the OS or associated apps. The example I gave is a perfect example. The core code in XP had a flaw, whereas the core code developed for Vista and 7 does not. Same exact attack vector, higher-quality code.

Much of this has to do with the Secure Development Lifecycle, which eliminates potential vulnerabiliies as part of the development process.
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Re: Reasonable metric
Railroad Buff 19th Aug 2009
I think you're missing the point. It would be highly disconcerting if a flaw discovered at one time would be reoccurring again later. Of course, taking a different approach on a certain tool/task/feature can avoid a previous flaw altogether, but the old rule that with the removal of a bug you will introduce a new one is not too much out of date even today.

What I'd suggest is counting, say, the critical and important patches, as you do, but for, say the second year (months 13-24) after the official initial release of the OS or, if you want, the first 6-12 months after the release of a service pack. To me, that would make a more sensible comparison between, say XP SP2 and Vista SP1, because the time for the good and bad guys for finding flaws in a given product then is the same to a better extent than counting during, say, January-June 2009 for both XP SP2/3 and Vista SP1.
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Contributr
But if you want to do your own test, go start a blog and knock yourself out! Be sure to leave a link here.

wink

Seriously, your argument is based on an assumption that I don't agree with. In most cases, potential vulnerabilities are similar across different Windows editions. The difference is the development process.
  • Flagged
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Yeah, right!
tealcat 19th Aug 2009
Mozilla is so secure that it is rated as the most INSECURE browser on the market today.
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Most Insecure?
sirpaul1 19th Aug 2009
As of May, 2009 IE6 had 396 unpatched errors, IE7 had 22, IE8 had 16 and Firefox had 0. What do you know that the raters don't.
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"Mozilla is so secure that it is rated as the most INSECURE browser on the market today. "
--tealcat

...tealcat, you don't cite any sources. Of course, there's this (http://blogs.technet.com/security/attachment/2594822.ashx).....which was written by a Microsoft director.
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Reasonable metric?
pseudoperson 19th Aug 2009
Actually, counting the number of fixes from one OS to another as a method of determing the safety of one over another is flawed even if they are both Windows.

If we can safely assume that...

1. the need for fixes is generated by one first identifying there is a problem.
2. that the more an OS is used the more likely we are to find problems (ask a QA person if 100 tests are better than 50).
3. that the longer an OS is exposed to usage the more opportunity there is to identify issues (slight repeat of #2)

... then we'd really need to see analysis based on some sort of percentage of fixes to OS's in operation.

Not sure you'd be able to do that effectively unless MS has some way of determining how many of each OS's are in operation. Because the usage of XP is still much higher than the usage of Vista my guess would be that there is a higher percentage of fixes required for Vista. But that is just a guess! I'd like to see the numbers.

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Wrong metric
Mikael_z 20th Aug 2009
What matters is what the flaws have cost MS's customers around the world, both in downtime and money spent.

I can tell you one thing with certainty, that Windows beats every other platform out there in being fragile and expensive, in time and money both.

Ed's question on which MS platform is the most secure is a rhetorical one indeed (duh). I have no doubt whatsoever that W7 too will suffer miserably under the malware pressure, just like XP. There have been costly consequences of several attacks already.

MS-security is an oxy-moron. happy
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Well
mtgarden 20th Aug 2009
One *could* point out that much of the malware on the Windows ecosystem is a result of A)social engineering ["say, you want to watch this pr0n? Just install this codec."] and B)other company's software ["Oh, you run iTunes, QuickTime, Flash, AND Acrobat? Oh, Goodie! Let me quick pull out any random vuln and own your box!"]. Then again, that would be snarky. So instead, we'll just blame Microsoft for other people's failures.

MS has done what people asked of it: they have secured their OS. I'm no fanboy here. I just see that Apple security has decreased over the last few years (at least more people are disclosing their vulns) and Linux has plenty of malicious code.

At least Linux never has problems with its kernel.

Oh, and I am running Ubuntu, OSX, Win 7 RC, and Win 7 RTM Enterprise at my desk right now (3 desktops and two laptops). So, please, don't write me off as a fanboy, I'm not.
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Just who's the oxy-(MORON)?
kaninelupus 21st Aug 2009
No OS is perfectly secure, as proven by the number of patches even to OS X (which has decreased security to improve usability), and the bot-nets discovered recently on a number of high-profile Linux-based servers recently.

You mention the time-V's-cost in working around "down-time" (which have not yet run into - up the sys-protection built into most home and corporate-level AV/Anti-malware suites) and keep working... not that difficult!! Compare that to down-time migrating to a new OS breed (ie, Windows to Linux)... IT staff familiarising themselves, traing of staff on new OS, then having to again train staff on "alternative" applications... a far greater cost.

But then again, obviously never worked in IT support, so not surprising you haven't got a clue!!
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Probably
CobraA1 20th Aug 2009
Okay, it's not the best metric, but it's simple enough for most people to understand. Yeah, you'd want a better metric for an in-depth study of vulnerability.

IMHO, a real metric should also consider how much stuff in the wild was available before the vulnerability was patched, and how many systems are being kept up to date with the patches (although it's not really Microsoft's fault people are turning off automatic patches).
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FUD galore
AldoWatts 1st Sep 2009
many people like myself have gone back to manual updates due to MS continuasley trying to slip IE8abd WGA OGA as " critical updates.MS is to blame for reduced use of automatic updates
waere these bogus update ratings calculated in this articled metric?
i have zero doubt MS is fudging update rating to make newer versions of windoze appear more secure
BTW,OpenBSD is still king of security

OSX is just freBSD with a complex skin grafted on
and has not improved on FBSD security
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easy question
tech_walker 18th Aug 2009
Vista is most secure 7 a close second. All are fine for the thinking computer user.
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Additionally...
jamesrayg 19th Aug 2009
Many of Vista's exploits are probably not exploitable in the default configuration, unlike XP. Because Vista has ASLR, sandboxing and a bunch of stack and heap protections, services with ACLs, and so on. There's more to security than just 'number of patches'; a lot more. But this still tells us something, MS is doing the right thing wrt security in Windows, and this is what people miss when they say 'no reason to upgrade to Vista, XP works fine' - XP may 'work' fine, but it is a huge security hole, and that affects everyone on the internet. I wish these guys would just upgrade and shut up already, there would be a lot less of the DDOS stories like what happened to twitter recently. But nooo, they're smarter than everyone else and they're going to prove it by using an ancient insecure OS...
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agreed
shellcodes_coder 19th Aug 2009
NT
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Perhaps true,
pseudoperson 19th Aug 2009
however in XP you can hide user names at boot/logon. You can only hide the names with Vista Pro and Ultimate. The fact that you expose names to anyone that has physical access to the machine (yea, yea physical verses remote are two diff things but physical is a big issue when you have an active surounding like a busy home, small office, dorm room etc..) give even a would-be hacker a head start. You want to extend the amount of time a curious individual requires to gain entry.

Base on the boot screen exposure i'd guess there are other exposures Vista Home anything has that haven't been ID'd yet.
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You can hide users in Vista/7
JasonJD48 19th Aug 2009
The only side effect is they don't show up in UAC either, so if you had an Admin you use just to authorize in UAC and don't want to log in with or people to see as an option, you can't do that. But just to hide an account is still possible via a registry key.
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Interesting...
pseudoperson 20th Aug 2009
I was able to do that with my unused version of Vista Business and Win7 (Ultimate). Do you have a link for VHP? I'd appreciate it.
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RE: Interesting
JasonJD48 20th Aug 2009
Your saying you were able to hide a user account and have them still show in UAC?

The hack I use is the SpecialAccounts registry key, they are still active accounts but they don't show up in the welcome page, but they don't show up in UAC either. In XP, they were still an option for RunAs so thats how I used that type of account.

If you remove them from Welcome by 'Deny Logon Locally' in SecPol it will still show in UAC but when you enter the password it will tell you the type of logon is not allowed (I'm guessing windows sees a standard local logon and a UAC access as the same thing)

I apologize but I don't know what VHP means, I'm mostly self-taught and sometimes miss some of the lingo. If you can explain further I can respond back.

If you know a way to hide a user (Admin) from Welcome but still show and be usable in UAC, i'd greatly appreciate the tip.
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one way... (VHP = Vista Home Prem)
pseudoperson 20th Aug 2009
Press start
Type: local security policy
Press enter
Expand local policies
Click Security Options
Double-click "Interactive Login: Do not display last user name"
Check Enabled
Click OK

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I tried that
JasonJD48 20th Aug 2009
and suffered an armed revolt unfortunately (Vista Ultimate and 7 Ultimate) my family is too lazy to type their user name and misses their logon picture. With XP I could still use the standard Welcome screen with icons and usernames and hide certain admins, using them just for runas or using Ctrl-Alt-Del at Welcome to login manually, but doing that in Vista/7 also hides the Admin in UAC, so no good for my purposes. Appreciate the tip though.
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Of course...
keoz 19th Aug 2009
...and the problemOnXP = format^infinity times because-of-the-holes-there stories lol happy
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"XP may 'work' fine, but it is a huge security hole, and that affects everyone on the internet. I wish these guys would just upgrade and shut up already, there would be a lot less of the DDOS stories like what happened to twitter recently. But nooo, they're smarter than everyone else and they're going to prove it by using an ancient insecure OS..."
--jamesrayg

Exactly what does a distributed denial of service (DDOS) attack on the Twitter website have to do with Windows XP? Twitter uses servers, not desktops.
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Uh...
jamesrayg 20th Aug 2009
I didn't say twitter was running on XP (LOL!), I meant that all the infected XP boxes are the ones DDOSing twitter and so on.
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I'll explain
kaninelupus 21st Aug 2009
The more insecure machines being run, the more quickly these types malware can spread, and more damage gets done. In cases where malware bogs down bandwidth - caused by a massive amount of infected systems which are all then trying to connect to site, thus overloading it and crashing (causing DDOS effects)- you can see what he means. The poor choices of others, effect those of us who had the sense to upgrade. The less vulnerable systems out there, the less effective these malware forms can be.
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For me it's Windows 7 or bust!
GoodThings2Life 19th Aug 2009
I'm already beginning tests in my enterprise environment with all my business applications, and as long as I don't have any major snafus, I plan to begin roll-outs to testers upon GA in 4th quarter and a full roll-out in 1H of next year.

The only thing that would change my mind on that is some unexpected show-stopper with compatibility, because I don't want to depend on XP Mode if I can avoid it.

Security, to me, is something that's manageable from my end as a system administrator. I make a conscious effort to teach my users good security habits, and I do everything I can to keep my systems patched and protected... and so far it would seem that stepping up to Windows 7 will be a good move.
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Win7 or bust!
gavin142 20th Aug 2009
GoodThings... I have to agree with you, so far
I have only run into issues I fully expected
(discontinuation of 16bit subsystem, DOS, in
the x64 version; but that's been coming for a
long time now, and is easily surmountable via
virtualization).

It will also be nice to get a decent level of
performance out of my newer machines in the
office, those are the first to be upgraded to
Win7, then I'll worry about rolling out to my
older machines.
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The one with intelligent users
Boot_Agnostic 19th Aug 2009
and no, naming another OS outside of Windows, isn't where I was going with the statement. Stupid can own a Linux and/or a Mac box as well. And a stupid user can hose a secure, more secure Windows, no matter the version. As far as the business I work at, the next upgrade will be 7, we've avoided Vista just because of budget shortfalls whereas we don't want a mixed environment of XP and Vista, but the next hardware upgrades may see the entire line go Win 7 (unless or in case of reasoned reviews when its in the wild).
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Excellent point. nt
ye 19th Aug 2009
.
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The difference is
frgough 19th Aug 2009
that prior to Vista, you needed to be an MSCE to lock down a Windows
computer reasonably well. Since Vista, you're pretty much only vulnerable
to social engineering attacks.

So your "dumb" comment applies from Vista forward.

Using Windows is still like pulling teeth with a pair of pliers, but at least
the pliers are now clean instead of rusty and germ-laden.
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Look at point #3...
JCitizen 26th Sep 2009
for the "thin-client" latency problem. Actually todays hardware infrastructure has made the word, obsolete!

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