Between the Lines

Larry Dignan, Andrew Nusca and Rachel King

Apple's Android fragmentation, Kindle Fire case: Does the argument hold up?

By | November 3, 2011, 9:19am PDT

Summary: In Apple’s view, Android fragmentation can derail a big chunk of the tablet army gunning for the iPad. Does fragmentation matter that much?

Apple management is all for Amazon’s Kindle Fire because of fragmentation. Apparently, the more Android fragments the better it is for the iPad and iOS.

That’s the takeaway from a research note from Barclays Capital analyst Ben Reitzes. Reitzes met with CEO Tim Cook and CFO Peter Oppenheimer and sparked a good bit of discussion. Cook and Oppenheimer weren’t divulging any company secrets about the product pipeline, but their take was that Amazon’s Kindle Fire is more boon than bane for Apple.

Reitzes said in a research note:

While the pricing at $199 looks disruptive for what seems to be the iPad’s most important rising challenge, the Amazon Fire – it is important to note that it could fuel further fragmentation in the tablet market—given it represents yet another platform. While compatible with Android, the Apps work with Amazon products. The more fragmentation, the better, says Apple, since that could drive more consumers to the stable Apple platform. We believe that Apple will get more aggressive on price with the iPad eventually but not compromise the product quality and experience. Over time, we believe iPad’s will be “docked” more and more to keyboards (and these keyboards could gain touchpads), which could extend its appeal to PC users.

If you cut to the chase, Apple is arguing there’s a high-end, low-end equation. Apple will occupy the high-end of the tablet market and become more of a PC replacement. In this view, Android tablets go commodity and ultimately are derailed by the different flavors of Android.

I buy Apple’s take on the tablet market segmentation. I’m just not sure the average consumer cares about fragmentation. If Amazon’s Kindle Fire becomes a hit it will because the integration is there. A successful Fire doesn’t necessarily derail a high-end Android tablet from succeeding. Ultimately, Android needs a seamless tablet experience to compete with the iPad.

Reitzes’ recap had a few other notable bullets:

  • Cook isn’t necessarily a cash hoarder. What Apple will do with its $81 billion cash hoard is an ongoing question. Cook said isn’t religious about holding cash.
  • Apple is focused on China. Reitzes said Cook is very focused on China and future growth there. Apple now has 7,000 points of sales on the iPhone for greater China. Cook also thinks that the Mac could be a hit.
  • iCloud is the lock-in. Reitzes said in his report:

We agree with Tim Cook – iCloud is profound. It basically makes the cloud the digital hub - not the Mac or PC. As a result, we believe that iCloud is the “sneaky” product launch of 2011, which could actually drive the most long-term value to the company. Furthermore, iCloud lays the groundwork in our opinion for a foray not only into TV’s, but devices we haven’t thought of yet. We believe that iCloud and future upgrades of the service are one of the big reasons that Apple guided for its FY12 capex to grow to $8 billion from just $4.6 billion in FY11.

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Larry Dignan is Editor in Chief of ZDNet and SmartPlanet as well as Editorial Director of ZDNet's sister site TechRepublic.

Disclosure

Larry Dignan

Larry Dignan has nothing to disclose. He doesn’t hold investments in the technology companies he covers.

Biography

Larry Dignan

Larry Dignan is Editor in Chief of ZDNet and SmartPlanet as well as Editorial Director of ZDNet's sister site TechRepublic. He was most recently Executive Editor of News and Blogs at ZDNet. Prior to that he was executive news editor at eWeek and news editor at Baseline. He also served as the East Coast news editor and finance editor at CNET News.com. Larry has covered the technology and financial services industry since 1995, publishing articles in WallStreetWeek.com, Inter@ctive Week, The New York Times, and Financial Planning magazine. He's a graduate of the Columbia School of Journalism and the University of Delaware.

For daily updates, follow Larry on Twitter.

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pbqzcdv 49 ctj
bmakrejktt2901-24379002791837860210933004633967 22nd Nov
pyvjlt,lwgmiybn27, kpugh.
I don't think that fragmentation helped the Mac vs PC (Dell, IBM, HP, Packard-Bell). Tablet market is different, but I don't buy that the Kindle Fire will actually help the iPad.
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@virtualTodd

Google puts out a "pure" Android phone every year - Nexus

Android is open source meaning OEMs can mod / add as needed / wanted.

So, why the big issue?
@rhonin As a developer it's tough to develop apps for a fragmented install base... and as a consumer, it sucks if your carrier or hardware vendor ties your hands and limits your access to the OS updates.
I owned a cool Acer netbook that was a dual-boot config with Android and Windows. However, Acer did not install the Android Market, and provided no means for receiving OS updates. It was hobbled by the lack of Android updates or access to apps, so I gave it away. Android was a gimick that quickly lost its luster.
I also owned an Android phone for a while but hated the fact that the wireless carrier (in this case rhyming with Horizon) took their sweet time releasing OS updates ... I hated that. My iPhone gets updates from Apple, not from AT&T, so I have the update at the same time everyone else does.
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Fragmentation
os2baba 3rd Nov
@jlarson

As a developer, Android fragmentation, while certainly requiring testing cycles, is really not a big deal to code for. You code to the API not to a device. Every once in a while, something gets screwy on a specific device, but it's generally a quick fix.

As a consumer, fragmentation on Android sucks! And Google is going to have to realize this and fix the problem.
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Tablet market is FUNDAMENTALLY different..
daftkey Updated - 3rd Nov
@virtualTodd

I don't think that fragmentation helped the Mac vs PC (Dell, IBM, HP, Packard-Bell).

The problem isn't fragmentation of hardware, it's fragmentation of platform. Doesn't matter what flavour of PC or Mac you had, you still only had two platforms, so looking for software was pretty simple - if it's written for Windows, it works on any PC (more or less), or if it works on the Mac OS, it works on any current Mac.

The fragmentation of Android is similar to the current fragmentation of *NIX platforms. You have all these different versions of "almost" the same thing, but they are different enough that you have to specify "WHICH" version you're using when looking for software. Some Android apps work on some phones and tablets, some don't.

The PC industry doesn't nearly have the fragmentation that the Phone and tablet market has now, though it did at one point. There was once a time (not as long ago as you'd think) when you were looking for software for any one of the following platforms:

IBM Compatible (DOS)
Commodore 64/128
Apple
Amiga

And even among these there were sub-fragments:

Apple - Apple IIe/IIc/III, etc or Apple IIgs or Mac?
IBM - DOS / Windows / OS/2 / *NIX
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Love me like a brick
Robert Hahn 3rd Nov
Microsoft was pretty firm with the OEMs to keep the basics of the user experience the same across platforms. It hardly ever happened that you bought a Windows application that wouldn't run on your PC just because you bought a Packard Bell 9000. That's not the case with Android.
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Fragmentation
os2baba 3rd Nov
@Robert Hahn

PC Applications worked just fine across various screen resolutions, varying keyboards etc. But you can't efficiently run Photoshop CS on a PC from 10 years ago. And most of Android apps behave the same across various devices. The difference here is that PCs evolved relatively slowly while mobile devices are going down the road at break-neck speeds. So Android devices today have more hardware changes than devices from just 18 months ago. Software requiring these hardware changes are obviously not going to work on older devices. It's all a matter of how critical the new feature is. If it's very critical (say 6 way gyroscope for a high end game), then obviously the app will target phones with those features. If not, then it's not difficult to gracefully degrade.

The problem is that most phones that could be upgraded to a later version of the software to take advantage of new software features can't do it because of Google's laissez faire attitude and the feet dragging of manufacturers and carriers who would like to sell newer phones or contracts respectively.
@Robert Hahn That is why Android fragmentation is a bigger problem. It is a more open system and people can grab the source code and hack it to whatever they want it to do. Amazon have done this and others are following. In China there are a gazillion market places and OEM's are producing gadgets on the core Android with no care in the world of what Google wants. Android in a few years will most likely suffer the issues that Unix did. It is a good platform and consumers like it becuase it comes out on cheap hardware but soon the confusion will set in and most likely Windows tablets and the iPad will be the safest bet for those people who don't want to risk the pain of having to get their tablet to work each time they download an App.
@Robert Hahn

I've got an HTC Evo 4G phone and an HTC Flyer tablet. Thanks to Amazon's free app of the day program I've got over 100 apps for these guys. I hardly ever run accross an app that won't install or run on either of these two tablet. Also, I bought my HTC Flyer after selling my (rooted) Nook Color. Almost every app I used on the Nook Color worked without a hitch on the Flyer.

So, I personally have not really suffered at all from the "fragmentation" issue.
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but Android vendors can and do modify Android.

@virtualTodd
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@virtualTodd, desktop environments, or file structure, like that which happens in Linux all the time. Since Google really has no control over what OEM's ultimately do with Android it becomes a mess.
@Snooki_smoosh_smoosh
To add to that..Linux is a great OS and the Linux kernel is more stable and secure than Windows/OS X/Android/Chrome but once a person installed a particular distro (ie. RedHat, Ubunto) then getting software to run is a pain in the a$$. Even the various versions of RedHat makes it painful. This is what Android is destined to become. Google will lose control of Android (Amazon is a perfect example of how Amazon no longer rely on Google...they can fork it completely and not even care about Ice Cream, and Jellybean, etc, etc if the Fire takes off). This is the next stage of fragmentation....not the various versions of Googles OS but the complete branching and control of the OS by different software vendors. The true test will be to see if Amazon even mention Android or show the green robot. I noticed some of Sony's tablet advertisements make no mention of Android.
@virtualTodd : While fragmentation has not driven me "toward" Apple products, Apple's single source approach has satisfied me. I am 53 and I spent many years being the geek, buying ?? la carte hardware, messing with drivers, and so on. I'm done with that, and I just want my stuff to work with zero or little effort on my part. I don't want to bother with worrying about whether a product on some branch of the Android tree will work for me or not.

I had an HTC phone for a while, and I gave it a good shot. But getting things to work with my Mac was too much effort, and eventually bought an iPhone and I'm glad I did. If the iPhone didn't exist, then I would go Windows Phone before Android.
@tlmurray Yet both flavors of the iPhone 4x are broken, and that's a fact. If you consider having to use a rubber band and a battery life of 4 hours to be acceptable, then you're way off the mark. Also, if you consider only being able to view some web content and not all to be acceptable, then I guess the iXX junk is for you.

You are letting Apple tell you what you can hear, see and do, instead of you being the one that controls the technology.
@j28n

You are letting Apple tell you what you can hear, see and do, instead of you being the one that controls the technology.

As opposed to Android which has just as many limitations on what you can hear, see, and do, but you don't get to know what they are until you've already bought the phone and signed the 3-year data contract.
@tlmurray Pretty much everyone I know that is 35+, has always been a techie in the past or currently for work have gone to the iPhone for their personal smart phone. They still might do the ala carte route when building systems but for their phone they just want it to work. Doesn't have anything to do with lack of knowledge to tweak the phone, just don't care to do so.

@j28n They are broken? Care to explain how? My iPhone 4 works great and I could not even duplicate the antenna issue that affects a small percentage of people. As far as battery life, I would say that two days on a charge is far beyond acceptable and that is with the iOS 5 issues that will be fixed. Next time to use some facts or is that absolutely against your Apple Hater religion?
@virtualTodd I won't think that this new operating system can beat this device: http://www.technologyfazer.com/apple-launched-the-iphone-4s.html
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@virtualTodd
I agree with you in the regard that it is a different market and, personally speaking, I like having options.
@virtualTodd
That wasnt fragmentation...What happen vth PC....Microsoft still had control of hardware u can implement windows on....
With android there are so many flavours of android going around....its casued lots of fragmentation moreover updates have become a problem
For 60% less money, lots of people will buy a 'fragmented' Honda versus a BMW.
@rbradbury@...

That would be true, if the allusion you've used assumed both will only use one type of road like a regular car would. Alas, not the case with tablets. If just surfing the web for the majority of sites, then yes - true. If using for media consumption and light production (most are) then having an ecosystem of apps and supported products is more important. For instance on the media consumption side, the iPad supports Kindle, Nook, Kobo in addition to iBooks and it does apps best. Fire will do Kindle + early Android phone apps. Big, big difference that may be more than a luxury to many. There's a place for both and while the iPad's much more powerful and expensive as a non loss-leader, I would compare more between a toaster oven and a full oven range. In comparison, which will make most of the Thanksgiving dinner and which will make the Jenny-O loaf or reheat some stuffing? Exactly...
@Angrypug Therefore it's only capable of running stretched phone apps.. no tablet specific apps.. 7 inch phone that can't make calls..
@rbradbury@...yes but at some point someone is going to have to pay the price of fragmentation and cheap hardware. And that would be the carriers...how long is it going to take them to realize this situation is costing them big bucks...and then what? This will also benefit Apple.

http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/11/03/android-operators-cost-idUSL5E7M243B20111103
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If they can all run the same applications, then it does not matter. If some applications work, but some do not, depending on which device you are using, it will be an issue.
@grant@...

So I guess we can say iOS is now fragmented because Siri does not work on all iPhones.
@Michael Kelly

Yes, that's true. iOS has been fragmented via a controlled set of feature strata to ensure quality control over the platform and brand. ...and of course to provide a reliable upgrade path every two to three years. Not by more layers than a piece of sandstone in just few short years, like Android. ...which is intended to create a more frequent and desperate upgrade path over time, reasonably not much more than a year. More wasteful, not really open and not really enjoyable. I hope people that pretend to love Android now will actually love and support Ubuntu when something essentially open source (and hopefully not debatably stolen) comes along in a year or so. We shall see. In the meanwhile, the money's on iOS. Android would not be big if network providers weren't leveraging it. Few really buy Android. They buy "good enough" on their favorite network. Thus Android. ...for now. Wait until it costs Google too much or their entire revenue stream is up-ended. Maybe after that point we can say it's open source. Until then, it's ad-sourced and essentially closed and inefficient.
@Michael Kelly

While this is true, if you buy the latest iPhone (the 4S), it will run Siri. If you buy the latest Android phone, it may not have anywhere near the latest version. If you get an iPhone 3GS for $99 or free, whatever the price is right now, you know you're getting an older model. If you go on Verizon's site right now, you can get a Motorola Droid Razr with Android v2.3.5 for $300, or, for $250, a Motorola Droid Bionic with v2.3, or a $150 HTC ThunderBolt with 2.2. Premium prices, and not one of them running the latest version.

That's fragmentation.
@msalzberg

That's funny, because I never heard a "fragmentation" claim when OEMs were selling XP years after Vista was released. And I never heard a "fragmentation" claim when Apple was selling iPod Touches alongside iPod Classics.

But I do know that if I buy an Android today that it will run what I purchase on the Amazon or Google marketplaces, and that if I upgrade the OS it will still do so. And I do know different Androids come out of the box with different features. I see that as a plus. If you prefer a "one size fits all" product then by all means choose one, but I prefer to tailor my purchase to my needs.
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Not the same thing.
Snooki_smoosh_smoosh 3rd Nov
@Michael Kelly, the older iPhone's just are not given that feature.

Where as Android each OEM is able to take Android, modify system level components, making it much harder for apps to universally work, sort of like the problem with *nix. With *nix you have Desktop Experiences like Gnome, K-Desktop, LCE, XFCE, etc. Which is a much worse kind of fragmentation than just one feature that isn't supported on two generations of phones.
@Michael Kelly
They all have something called iOS 5 and yet the version that is installed on iPhone 4S is clearly different from the version installed on iPhone 4 (no Siri, no dictation) which is clearly different from the version installed on the iPad (no tabbed browsing, no 4 finger gestures, etc).

It is all very confusing for the poor consumer who reads about all these great features but can't get them on their brand new iPhone.
@Michael Kelly

Actually, if you remember, compatibility (or lack thereof) was a huge complaint about Vista on its release. People then chose to downgrade to XP.

While no one called it fragmentation, that's what it was. Microsoft solved it with Win 7.
@Michael Kelly

Yeah. iPhone fragmentation is worse now, since they are still selling an obsolete 3GS, and a newly obsoleted 4 at the same time as the 4S. I've worked for a phone mfg (until recently). The sustaining costs (to Apple development) of the 3GS and the 4 will more than offset replacing them with modern HW (read dual core that does Siri) in the current lineup. Call them a 3GS+ and a 4+ if you have to, but get rid of the old HW and EOL it FAST, to ensure that firmware upgrades are consistent for development and the customer ASAP. If they release the 5 within the next few months, they'll now be supporting firmware updates for 4 phones.

iPhone is kind of a "hardcoded" environment around a single device, which is now having teething problems as they get further from the original device. With Android you always know there are different environmental requirements like with PC's and it is taken into account as the hardware quickly evolves. iPhone is supposed to be homogeneous with only one device, so the current (limited) fragmentation is actually much more severe to Apple long term. I ran into the same thing in a previous job (different phones/company).
@Michael Kelly Nice try but there is a HUGE difference between a PC manufacturer offering a choice in OS version versus a handset manufacture selling new phones with an older OS. Now if at the time Vista was 6 months old and Dell only offered their systems with XP then you would have a case but that didn't happen did it?

@toddybottom How do you know the OS is different between the iPhone 3GS, 4 and 4S? Probably more likely that it's the same and looks at the hardware to determine what features work or don't work such as Siri but yoprobablyly know that and just wanted to spread FUD.
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Ballmer gets it....
Monkeypox 3rd Nov
Developers developers developers. Why try to wrestle with a bunch of different software versions and hardware when you can fire once and forget on iTunes?
@Monkeypox

Has worked for me as both a developer and consumer. Apple, cut me that check that wouldn't have been coming any other way. Thank you!
why do we even need high teck phones??
@lol117

So that we can have auto-correct features that will correct the spelling of 'tech'?
@lol117 Why do we need a vast majority of the items we have, because we want them.
Another point - Apple rakes in more than 90% of the money made in the tablet market. Android may get the market share, but the fragmentation would make the manufacturers will not make much money. Not many can sustain this. Initially the market would look like the MP3 market where iPod dominated, but eventually it would look like the PC market - Android wins market share but Apple wins the revenue share... As long as Steve's culture lives, Apple should not bother about market share and only think of the moolah!
@browser.

That's just a complicated way of saying that Apple's products are overpriced.
@Doctor Demento No it isn't. Apple would not sell anything if everyone thought they were overpriced as you claim. People are willing to spend more in some cases for an Apple product but if they thought that product was overpriced they wouldn't buy it. Overpriced or not comes from the perspective of the actual buyer, not some hater.
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Ginger Ice Cream
Robert Hahn 3rd Nov
The issue with fragmentation is the word-of-mouth from unhappy customers. How many 'Joe Average' types know the different versions of Android, or even that there are different versions of Android? The salesman in the store isn't going to warn Joe that a fair number of the apps he'll find in the App Store won't work on that Beezlebop 500 he's buying. No, that will be left for Joe to find out on his own, the Hard Way.

What's Joe going to say when his friends ask him what he thinks of Android? "A lot of the apps don't work," is all he knows about the issue of fragmentation. But that's what his friends are going to hear.

There are a lot of Joes.
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Exactly. A friend has
Snooki_smoosh_smoosh Updated - 3rd Nov
@Robert Hahn, a great app that works really slick on his Droid X2, but relies on Motorola's version on Android. And say your are running a Samsung Galaxy 2 or a HTC Vivid, and you can't get that app because the developer only wrote it for the one phone, or maybe a feature of the app doesn't work quite right because of how the phone manufacturer rewrote the software.

Look, Android is a good OS, except for the fact that Google relinquished control to the OEM's, who also relinquished control to the Carriers. As a developer you have to navigate through which layer of crap that you app has to work through, to make it work on every device? what junk.
@Snooki_smoosh_smoosh Just like Siri?
Oh yeah, that's completely different, because eh, um, because its Apple!
@Robert Hahn So I can download and run Siri on an iPhone 3 or 4?
I must, otherwise, your point would be invalid.
@anothercanuck Ok, are we starting to see a trend here. Is Siri only working on the 4S going to be then next strawman talking point for the haters just like the pathetic Flash talking point? There is a big difference between a feature being hardware locked between different hardware versions of a device that all run the same OS compare to all kinds or devices running different version of an OS causing apps or features not to work. Add in the fact that in either case the different hardware models are all currently on sale and the different OS versions becomes more of an issue than different hardware versions.
It's Samsung, LG, Asus, Lenovo, all the Chinese and Korean cloners, who will be hurt the most by the Kindle Fire.
This is not actually fragmentation. Kindle Fire cannot really be defined as an android tablet. It is more of an Amazon product, and it is tightly integrated with Amazon's services. In this sense, it is more like an Apple product as compared to a galaxy tab or xoom.
@xeptf4 This exactly what fragmentation is. Amazon took the core Andriod OS and modified it to the point where it has little resemblance to any other Andriod implementation based off the same version of Andriod. Along with that comes compatibility issues for consumers and developers. Your argument is that because amazon fragmented so far off the beaten path it is no longer Andriod.
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pbqzcdv 49 ctj
bmakrejktt2901-24379002791837860210933004633967 22nd Nov
pyvjlt,lwgmiybn27, kpugh.

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