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Between the Lines

Larry Dignan, Andrew Nusca and Rachel King

Epsilon data breach: What's the value of an email address?

By | April 5, 2011, 1:04am PDT

Epsilon, an email marketing service provider, suffered a data breach last week and the apologies from its big-name customers keep belatedly pouring in. Target, Marriott, Chase and others are doing the email walk of shame.

For the record, Epsilon has nothing to add beyond its initial statement last week:

On March 30th, an incident was detected where a subset* of Epsilon clients’ customer data were exposed by an unauthorized entry into Epsilon’s email system. The information that was obtained was limited to email addresses and/or customer names only. A rigorous assessment determined that no other personal identifiable information associated with those names was at risk. A full investigation is currently underway.

A spokeswoman said the investigation is continuing. However, two things are immediately clear:

  • Whoever hacked into Epsilon landed a mother lode of email addresses. It’s a spam bonanza.
  • Epsilon was dominant in its field. There’s a who’s who list of apologies in my inbox.

Take Target:

Target’s email service provider, Epsilon, recently informed us that their data system was exposed to unauthorized entry. As a result, your email address may have been accessed by an unauthorized party. Epsilon took immediate action to close the vulnerability and notified law enforcement. While no personally identifiable information, such as names and credit card information, was involved, we felt it was important to let you know that your email may have been compromised.

Or Marriott:

We were recently notified by Epsilon, a marketing vendor used by Marriott International, Inc. to manage customer emails, that an unauthorized third party gained access to a number of Epsilon’s accounts including Marriott’s email list.

In all likelihood, this will not impact you. However, we recommend that you continue to be on the alert for spam emails requesting personal or sensitive information.

Or Chase:

Chase is letting our customers know that we have been informed by Epsilon, a vendor we use to send e-mails, that an unauthorized person outside Epsilon accessed files that included e-mail addresses of some Chase customers. We have a team at Epsilon investigating and we are confident that the information that was retrieved included some Chase customer e-mail addresses, but did not include any customer account or financial information. Based on everything we know, your accounts and confidential information remain secure.

We’ll overlook the fact that these three big companies are just getting around to telling me my email address was compromised 5 days ago.

Symantec and McAfee say that details of the Epsilon breach remain sparse and that you should be on the lookout for an influx of spam. The bigger question is what’s an email address worth. Research has shown that the cost of data breaches continue to rise.

For instance, the Ponemon Institute found that the U.S. cost of a data breach was $214 per compromised record or $7.2 million per event. Indirect costs such as lost business, notification and legal defense.

So how will this turn out for Epsilon? Let’s look at a few key items:

  • First, Epsilon didn’t lose personally identifiable information. Email addresses don’t carry the emotional baggage that a breach of your Social Security number would. You’re violated for sure, but it could be worse. Advantage Epsilon.
  • Epsilon will lose business. A big part of Ponemon’s data breach cost estimate revolves around lost business. There’s no way that big customers will put all of their email marketing with one provider going forward. The reputation risk is too large. Related: Outsourcing email: Do the benefits outweigh the risks?
  • Notification costs are a bit murky. It’s clear that Epsilon’s big customers are throwing the company under the bus. These notifications from the likes of Target are probably freebies. However, these customers don’t have to pay for free credit monitoring and don’t have to send snail mail notifications.

Add it up and it’s certain that Epsilon will lose customers and that will be the biggest cost. Epsilon will also have to pay more for forensics and audits. After that, the Epsilon data breach case is going to be informative. We may find out what a lost email address is worth.

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Topics

Larry Dignan is Editor in Chief of ZDNet and SmartPlanet as well as Editorial Director of ZDNet's sister site TechRepublic.

Disclosure

Larry Dignan

Larry Dignan has nothing to disclose. He doesn’t hold investments in the technology companies he covers.

Biography

Larry Dignan

Larry Dignan is Editor in Chief of ZDNet and SmartPlanet as well as Editorial Director of ZDNet's sister site TechRepublic. He was most recently Executive Editor of News and Blogs at ZDNet. Prior to that he was executive news editor at eWeek and news editor at Baseline. He also served as the East Coast news editor and finance editor at CNET News.com. Larry has covered the technology and financial services industry since 1995, publishing articles in WallStreetWeek.com, Inter@ctive Week, The New York Times, and Financial Planning magazine. He's a graduate of the Columbia School of Journalism and the University of Delaware.

For daily updates, follow Larry on Twitter.

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RE: Epsilon data breach: What's the value of an email address?
tom@... 2nd Jun
@Mwendo ... Not that I'm aware of. There is no way to be certain your information was in any way purged; only that access to it was stopped for you. Just like FaceBook most don't throw anything away; ever. You never know when it could become viable nformaton again.
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Unsubscribe Means Nothing
Mwendo 5th Apr 2011
What's gotten me most upset is that I'm getting apology emails from companies that I have long since unsubscribed my email and/or canceled my service. Is there no way to completely delete your address from a mailing list?
@Mwendo

If you unsubscribe, they'll have to keep your e-mail address for their blacklist to run their pool against. Otherwise, how would they be able to tell that they're not supposed to send you e-mails? They may have purchased lists after you unsubscribed which includes your e-mail address, and they need to filter out the unsubscribes.
@WebSiteManager ... You have defined a spammer there and more over, un-confirmed e-mail address use which is another spam tactic. EVERY e-mail address on a mail to list which does not have a confirmed optin and unique identifying token is a spam list of addresses for spamming. From the article, it appears that anyone, criminal or business type, can open an account by simply subscribing and no confrmatioin of that entitie's identity is made.
@WebSiteManager

There are billions of newsletters. There's no guarantee that any number of those billions either use or don't use, to any degree, best practices.

I once worked for a company that hired a 3rd party vendor to create a newsletter campaign that allowed users to subscribe N times, but each unsubscribe was keyed to a single instance. Subscribe N times, unsubscribe N times.
@Mwendo ... Not that I'm aware of. There is no way to be certain your information was in any way purged; only that access to it was stopped for you. Just like FaceBook most don't throw anything away; ever. You never know when it could become viable nformaton again.
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Message has been deleted.
james347 Updated - 6th Apr 2011
@james347
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Waiting for the SJVN article...
dazzlingd 5th Apr 2011
@Will Farrell
"Epsilon Data Breach - Linux not to blame!"
@james347
I'm pretty sure they would have been using a 'Nix based firewall at the very least.
@dazzlingd

He has no idea of what he is talking about. He just likes to say that all computer security flaws are caused by Windows. Somehow Apple could get hacked to the point of being non-operational and somehow he would find a way to blame Microsoft.
@bobiroc

yeah.. the attack was launched by a computer running windows.. wink lol
@james347,
Get a life, will you?
If you so dislike Microsoft, what are you doing here?
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@james347

What was the point of writing that? Don't OSX articles have enough trolls, now we have to deal with backlash from dumb crap like this?
@james347 I can tell you you are partially correct. I used to work there. They have two systems from two companies that epsilon bought. One unix based the other windows based. I bet the intrusion was a lot simpler than that, probably just a careless user who put a password on a napkin or something. That kind of stuff sinks ships.
Is anyone else having trouble getting to epsilon.com? I get the following message: Firefox can't find the server at www.12.158.89.148. However, nslookup returns 159.127.158.22. Can't get to any googled epsilon link, making me wonder if the problem has gone beyond a data hack . . .
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I noticed the same thing
UrNotPayingAttention 5th Apr 2011
@moebiusloop

I tried pulling up Epsilon's website yesterday when I read the story, and kept timing out.
@moebiusloop not sure if it was solely Epsilon .... this morning between 3 a & 5 a eastern, I was having problems pulling up just about *any* google, site, as well as quite a few non-google sites, I was getting responses to nslookup that dns severs couldn't be reached, invalid domain, etc.. was very odd ... in fact I was actually expecting to see some news on that this am... unless it was limited to comcast (easily plausible, since I didn't check from outside this time)
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Phishing
WebSiteManager 5th Apr 2011
The big question is whether the e-mail addresses they got where associated with customer names. If the thieves can send well-crafted phishing e-mails to customers that are expecting communication from a specific company, their rate of "success" should be higher, leading to greater loss to the customers. It would be interesting to see what the legal perspective for customers who were compromised that way would be.
@WebSiteManager
Yes, they got both the email address and the customer name.
At least that's what JPM Chase told me.
@radu.m
Ditto. sad
@WebSiteManager ... I would assume that common sense and ignorantly written policies would be the order of the day for many of them.
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more reasons to use Linux
Linux Geek 5th Apr 2011
Linux will protect you against unauthorized entries.
@Linux Geek So Linux is the chastity belt of operating systems??
@psion@...

No bragging/lying about linux all the time is the chastity belt of humans.
@Linux Geek
Well, so long as no form of Linux was involved in this what so ever, you can gloat. If we find out different go eat some crow.
@Linux Geek ... Not if it ever becomes manstream, it won't. It's low installed base means it's just not interesting enough to go after. Yet. But if you read up on same, you'll find the problems are already growing amongst the criminals and malcontents.
@tom@...
Not to defend his trolling, but you don't know what you are talking about. While Linux's penetration into the desktop space is small, its footprint in the server space is huge, where it is by FAR the majority player. Please restrict yourself to commenting on subjects you actually know something about. Simply parrotting internet memes does not add any value to the discussion.
@DeusXMachina
Penetration by whom? Mom and pops, and startups looking to get bought out by major players.
@man_strosity

Um, clearly by Linux vendors, such as Red Hat.
Herein lies the reason I always keep a junk email account. When a company insists on an email address, that is what they get. Junk. Just like what they want to send to me. If I am expecting something from them, I dig it out of the junk, but if I'm not expecting anything, I just dump the junk every couple of weeks.
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@TranMan Agree. With virtually unlimited space provided by just about every big player for free, it makes sense to classify and separate your email even before it hits your inbox.
Hey guys, Windows, Linux, Apple, etc - they are all human made and will fail at some point!
@harringtonce
People like james347 are clearly on somebody's payroll.
@Will Farrell

Nah..I just think he is that naive and stupid. Just like Linux Geek up there that thinks Linux will automatically protect from unauthorized entries.
@harringtonce ,,, Like, as soon as they get big enough to be "interesting" and worth the time of the criminals, malcontents, et al.
Well, my name was one 2 of those company lists. So far my junk folder is up around 130 more spams per day, and it's only been since Friday that I was notified. "Security has run out, on you and me. We do whatever we can, we all gotta duck when the **** hits the fan."
@trust2112@...

I found the notice when I checked my account with Capital One. I've seen a measurable increase in my junk mail as well.
"The information that was obtained was limited to email addresses and/or customer names only."

Larry, if the list of customer names was breached, that is much more serious than just email addresses. Did you miss that above point?
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Shooting the contractor
Robert Hahn 5th Apr 2011
It?s clear that Epsilon?s big customers are throwing the company under the bus.
The article about whether outsourcing is worth the risk treats these breaches as a risk. Here we see why at least somebody in those companies treats it as a benefit: "It wasn't me! It was those guys! And we fired them!"

That's a much better result for Chase and Target than the class-action lawsuit blaming them for failing to take proper care of their customers' data. Nope, these companies used the very biggest and best... who could have known that they would be compromised?
I find it very difficult to believe that Epsilon had a database table with millions, hundres of millions, maybe billions? of email addresses that had only one field. Email address. Oh, sorry, my TiVo warning didn't mention Epsilon by name, but they had the suspicious looking "and/or customer names" line in theirs too. How is it possible that they didn't store more info in a complete "entity record". I was suspicious of that statement when I got the first of 3 different warning emails.
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Even small records can be encrypted
Robert Hahn 5th Apr 2011
@JBoutot Actually, that's fairly common. The people who use outsourced emailing houses give them as little data as possible. In this case I think they gave them first names so that the names could be "mail-merged" into the messages. But beyond that, the mailing house has no "need to know," and the client has no desire to risk sharing what they know with anyone else... at least not without getting paid for it.
@JBoutot ... It may well exist as a database of names/addresses/whatever alone, especially if it's a relational database which is assembled from multiple tables via indexing. Such a table would not be at all unusual.
I rarely get spam on my gmail address, but since yesterday I have received over 10 messages, all for different purposes. This probably means that multiple spammers got my email address.
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:shrug:
RangerJimK Updated - 5th Apr 2011
No big thing as far as I'm concerned. I get about 150 to 200 spams a day. I use gmail and their spam filter is pretty good. While it occasionally slips and puts a spam email in my inbox or a real email in my spam box, it generally works.

Actually, some of the spams (not to mention the vast variety of "409" scams) are more amusing than annoying. But then, I'm retired and have the time to go through my spam folder, laugh, and then toss them.

And occasionally I'll forward an exceedingly offensive piece of spam to IC3 for action. Example - I once clicked on a "see my naughty photos" link and found myself on a kiddyporn site! That one I both forwarded to IC3 and then called my local FBI office the next day to let them know about it!
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I was notified by Kroger...
RangerJimK 5th Apr 2011
And I promptly went to the Kroger Corp web site and changed my password - just in case.
Yawn. I use gmail, the best spam blocker in the business. I haven't seen a piece of spam in my inbox in two years, at least.
My email address was on two of the list and so far no increase in SPAM. I don't expect that to last long.
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That explains the increase in spam
brucegil@... 5th Apr 2011
I noticed a significant increase the past couple of days. Also, today I read e-mails from a couple of companies I use, explaining about the break in.
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All I hope
bobiroc 5th Apr 2011
is that if they catch the people responsible for this they can maybe shut down a couple big spam houses and put them in jail or something

I got 4 separate notifications and I too changed all my passwords last night.
I consider my email address to be no different than my physical street address, and treat it as such. It amazes me that people see them differently.

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