3 shockingly bizarre things about Christopher Columbus

By | October 11, 2010, 7:37am PDT

Summary: Columbus was an interesting dude, but what you think you know might be completely untrue. And that whole world-was-flat thing? Read on.

Every second Monday in October, we celebrate Columbus Day in honor of the day Columbus “discovered” America. Without a doubt, it was a great accomplishment for 15th century Europeans and everyone likes a good holiday.

But is what we teach kids about Columbus the truth? Was the man we celebrate worthy of celebration? Columbus was an interesting dude, but what you think you know might be completely untrue. And that whole world-was-flat thing? Read on.

1. His name wasn’t Christopher Columbus

Let’s start with a simple item: his name. Columbus’ might not have had an Italian name. Instead, he might have had a Genoese name.

This actually becomes an interesting discussion of the self-referential nature of the Web. If you do a search on Columbus’ name, you’ll find that his father’s name was apparently Corombo. But if you keep digging, you’ll find that Wikipedia, referencing “Rime diverse, Pavia,” written in 1595, states that Columbus’ name was actually Christoffa Corombo.

The question is: was it? Interestingly enough, a Web search on “Christoffa Corumbo” shows a lot of references, including mainstream media reports, using that name. But there’s not a single scholarly reference to Christoffa anywhere (well, unless you consider the game Assassin’s Creed II to be scholarly).

He’s also been refered to as Christoff Columb, and a variety of other variations. The real truth is we don’t know his real name, but it was almost undoubtedly not Christopher Columbus.

2. Columbus wasn’t a great leader, he was a brutal one.

You may not know it, but Christopher Columbus (or whatever his name was), spent six weeks in jail. Eight years after landing in the New World, Columbus and his brothers were thrown into jail by Ferdinand and Isabella.

According to Consuelo Varela, a historian at Spain’s Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and reported in the Christian Science Monitor, Columbus was a tyrant during his time as governor of Hispaniola.

He was apparently a big fan of using torture and slavery to keep his constituents in line (insert poor-taste joke about Congress here). Apparently, the level of brutality was so great that the rulers of Spain had enough, slapped him in chains, and threw him in jail.

Given that Ferdinand and Isabella were the warm, gentle folks who started up the Spanish Inquisition, you’d have to think that Columbus had to be pretty nasty to even begin to show up on their radar.

3. He didn’t think the world was flat.

We’ve all been taught that 15th century sailors thought the world was flat. One of Columbus’ biggest contributions to modern thought was the conclusion, based on his adventures, that the world was, in fact, a giant ball.

According to Paul Boller who wrote Not So!:Popular Myths about America from Columbus to Clinton, most educated people of Columbus’ day thought the world was spherical.

They weren’t sure about the size, Boller says, but the roundness was accepted and had been for centuries.

Apparently, it wasn’t until Washington Irving wrote his book about Columbus in 1828 that we all started believing that they all believed the world was flat.

What’s true?

Time fogs our understanding of what really happened. Archeologists and academics are hard at work trying to truly understand who Columbus was and what he really accomplished.

In the meantime, as you celebrate Columbus Day, remember that not all is as you’ve been taught, not all is as it seems, and not everything those in positions of power, authority, or influence tell you is true.

Keep that in mind when you vote next month.

Happy Columbus Day, and I’ll grill a burger for ya!

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RE: 3 shockingly bizarre things about Christopher Columbus
crystal@... 29th Oct
how do you know these things? Don't be lieing on the internert because of your asumes. You need facts hard cover facts not just from a book you read. Dum bo
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Paying tribute to Christopher Columbus
Snooki_smoosh_smoosh Updated - 11th Oct 2010
is the equivalent of paying tribute to Adolf Hitler. It is too bad that most schools only teach the castrated version of history on Christopher Columbus.

And he cannot even be attributed with discovering the New World, as Scandinavians have been known to have been as far inland as modern day Minnesota, hundreds of years before Columbus was even a twinkle in his Fathers eye.

Education history books should regard him as genocidal maniac who is single handedly responsible for killing millions of Native Americans. Turns out Native Americans didn't make good slaves...

Edit:
Howard Zinn covers Columbus and his genocide pretty well, citing journals of a priest that bears witness to Columbus' genocide, in a book called "A People's History of the United States: 1492 to Present"

http://books.google.com/books?id=OpRRM6wnZxkC&printsec=frontcover&dq=howard+zinn&source=bl&ots=NEH68Lz6LE&sig=eLU0dYPZtvR7nrJ_4W-xGoWAdJA&hl=en&ei=qS2zTOv_N4GxnAeAyanuBQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=5&ved=0CEIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q&f=false
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Actually his real name was Cristobal Colon
Uralbas Updated - 11th Oct 2010
Italians refer to him as Christophorus Columbus because some state he was born in Genova. This is where Colombia got its name. And the English version of the name.

But Spanish historical records show him as Cristobal Colon, died in: Valladolid, Spain, May 20th, 1506.

He was not the first to discover America, as the Chinese had done so many years before even Scandinavian adventures.
@Uralbas

That's what Menzes claims in his book. But it was debunked long ago. The Chinese never discovered America, they had no clue we were here. The Phoenicians did, but they forgot! Their 'discovery' had no lasting import on history.

But this is what makes Columbus's discovery so much more interesting than all his predecessors. After he discovered America, a New World really did open up.
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Washed up fishing boats were not on voyages of discovery.
Lester Young Updated - 11th Oct 2010
@Uralbas

Indian stories of people from the sea are in all likelihood based on Japanese fishing boats that got caught in the Japanese current, like all those glass floats.
@Lester Young Not necessarily. First Nation's stories have an uncanny way of proving to be true whenever "scientific" methods can be use. Most stories can't be proven or disproven - there is a lack of evidence either way. However, when scientific evidence has survived it tends to support First Nation stories. (Much like the myth of Troy, that was discovered when the archeologist decided to believe the myths and dug a hole where Troy was "mythically" located.)

So, don't write off their stories to quickly.

Some of the early stories recorded by the first Europeans to meet the West Coast First Nations talk about how surprised the FNs were by the "whiteness" of the European's skin, and not that they were arriving in large boats, had strange languages, and advanced technologies (compared to the FNs).

It's also safe to assume that if Scandinavians had managed to island hop from Orkneys to Iceland to Greenland to Newfoundland, Baffin Island, etc a thousand or more years ago, then the culture that invented Junks (a wonderful complex and advanced sailing machine that originally developed while Rome was still building her empire) would have followed their coast up to the Aleutians and back down the west coast of North America.

Just saying, you know....
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Having seen the actual map and....
Uralbas 11th Oct 2010
@mejohnsn the related dated records, the facts are there, Chinese knew something as early as 1421, over 70 years before Colon actually reached America.

Icelandics reached Iceland and Greenland around 995 AD by Leif Eiriksson, reaching Markland (Labrador) and Vinland, now thought to be Nova Scotia. An old church in Reykjavik, Iceland has an inscription that states:

"Leif Eiriksson Son of Iceland Discoverer of Vinland."

Viking accomplishment are vast, but to state they discovered America is a bit far fetched.

Brendan from Ireland is accounted for having visited Newfoundland as early as 560~ AD

But beyond that what is really striking is David's Star. Which is seen in many Mayan drawings, the Para?ba Stone, the Bat Creek Stone, Yuchi Tribe agricultural festivals match holidays observed by the Jewish Community indicate that Mediterranean ancestors reached America, long before the Roman Empire came to life, before Viking Sagas, Chinese treks of the 1300-1400's or Colombus.

What can be said, is that Col?n paved the way for European expansion into all America. And many commemorate this for this fact.
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Not just the USA, we all have our CCs
bsit@... 17th Oct 2010
In considering this celebration and the story of the person in a historical context there will always be the institutionalised version because the politics of the day will always be looking to create strong National identities, no matter how much the truth needs to be adulterated. Here in Australia we have quietly buried our own history of the real Captain Cook and made him out to be some type of saint ? he wasn?t. Much of the traumas the native Australians suffered have been suppressed to make the English invasion here look ok. All the usual ?bringing God to the savages and heathens?, etc. But it was all about taking the land and resources because our brutal narrow minded English ancestors wanted it and the natives were not "developing the resources" which is another way of saying irresponsibly raping the land and destroying the wildlife and everything that got in their way. So they rewrote the history books, taught us mainly about English history and glossed over the local history completely. The truth was it was politically convenient to do so. The same has happened all over the world. Even today we have trouble getting governments to allow the real history to be taught, especially under the previous Prime Minister Howard, a real red neck and friend of Bush. They claim such history is not true and is just the creation of left wing teachers who they want sacked. What we hear about USA education and its versions of history sounds just as bad and maybe far worse. WWII is a case in point and Americans believe all sorts of myths about their role then and expect the rest of the world to kiss their feet for it. Take a good look where ever the USA has gone in recent decades. It is not a good look and those places rightly have a very different take on their history compared to the propaganda the US government feeds it people. The better informed already know this so I would suggest anyone who disagrees take a long slow journey of discovery outside of your borders. Then the real Colo and his history could stand up and be seen in the cold light of reality. I would say the same to Australians or anyone who falls for nation building versions of history.
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Sigh
frgough 11th Oct 2010
People don't pay tribute to Christopher Columbus because he was a great human being, but because his voyage marked the opening up of the New World to European exploration and colonization.
@frgough Good point. But then I am celabrating what led to the invasion of another people's land.
  • Flagged
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I would almost agree with that...
Snooki_smoosh_smoosh 11th Oct 2010
@frgough... except most if not all of the history books used in today's history classes, only mention the ol' rhyme: In 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed the Ocean Blue... My point is merely that students get the castrated version of history, which makes them ignorant of history.

If you ignore history, then we are doomed to repeat the sins of the past. It is just like the Texas School Board looking to castrate the slave trade historical context, to provide a more light and fluffy version to make students feel good, never mind the atrocities that people suffered.
@frgough mmm...Eurpoean colonization. Now, THERE's a noteworthy institution.
Your going to get some silly answers from the people of the likes of gtaylor2 from time to time. As I last recall the trip by Columbus was about finding new trade routes to India and discovering new sources of gold, silk, spices and other riches for the Ferdinand and Isabella. These expeditions were very expensive and the costs were not only required to be recovered from the voyages, but the incentive was to find new sources of income for Spain. And as far as the brutal treatment of the native population by the Spaniards one should not least forget the brutal treatment the Aztec Empire relinquished upon the surrounding territories. It didn't take much for the Spanish colonists to make quick friends with the enemies of the Aztec state......Besides this information, now lets just suppose Columbus didn't come to America... does anyone really believe that the eventual discover and colonization of America by Europeans (or any other race for that matter) would have eventually happened? In fact wasn't the natives of North America nothing more than migrants themselves from East Asia? Then come to think about what life would be like if it weren't for Canada's raw materials and the American firepower to help turn the tide in WWII. Perhaps we would have a different outlook if the Nazi's or Communist Soviet Union had its hand in coming to the New World.
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Yes, he is idealized
Lester Young 11th Oct 2010
@frgough

The Columbus character in all the goody-two-shoes history books is based on Washington Irving's fiction, not any historical source.
@frgough

The invasion of another people's land... I keep hearing it both ways. One, that Europeans invaded other peoples' land (something which those same peoples did to each other regularly), or, conversely, that those natives never really considered "land" as something that belonged to anyone.

The so-called invasion of the Americas has precedent in history. Such as the invasion of Europe by Moslems shortly after the fall of Rome. The invasion of Europe by Mongols in the same era. The invasion of England and other European nations by Moslems today.

Of course, I gladly celebrate the invasion of another people's land; the Normandy invasion. We invaded Tunisia in WWII, should we weep over that invasion? Sicily, Italy. Then there was the "island-hopping" where we invaded island after island in the Pacific.

Then there were lesser invasions that turned out well, like the Norman Conquest.

Compare and contrast those lands "invaded" and controlled by Englishmen, and those "invaded" and controlled by Spaniards. Then consider their respective histories, and the nations which have resulted from their "invasions", e.g. the U.S. and Mexico...

I just love how the panderers of "victim politics", in spite of their worship at the altar of non-existent equality, insist that the "equal" people of the Americas were victims.
They were, morally, no better or worse than the Europeans. They were just victims of their own cultures which prevented them from developing technologically sophisticated societies, and so when the inevitable conflict came up between east and west, they were hopelessly outmatched.

I imagine 500 years from now, the Taliban will be innocent, peace loving lotus-eaters who were butchered by those slavering, genocidal maniacs of western Europe.
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So predictable
frgough 11th Oct 2010
I knew that people claiming the history of columbus was castrated would go on to preach their own castrated history of european colonization of the new world.

Let me help you out. The natives in the new world were not the "one with nature" peaceful utopian societies you've been told they were, and the European settlers were not the universal monsters you've been told they were.
Will somebody please tell @hiraghm... that the native Indians were at the moment far more advanced than the Spaniards. Will somebody please tell him that the conquest was a military strategy put forward by brutes, who slain and tortured indiscriminately.

I know everybody conquers everybody, but comparing the Aztecs with the Taliban... well that was more outrageous than Washington Irving's depiction of CC.
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@cosuna It is preposterous to say that the Native Americans were more advanced than the Spaniards. In pretty much every area of knowledge and technology, the Spaniards were far more advanced. Inca technology, the most advanced in the area, was Bronze Age -- a stage Columbus' Genoa had surpassed nearly 3000 years earlier.

That's why a few hundred Spaniards were able to cross the Atlantic ocean on ships, and raise local armies of thousands of people from native tribes, equip them with weapons from the ships, and quickly overthrow empires that had brutally oppressed the local people (using ritual human sacrifice as a terrorist weapon) for over a century.

You accuse the Spaniards of slaying an torturing indiscriminately, but actually, it was mostly native "indios amigos" who were doing the slaying and torturing, while the Spaniards planned strategy and supplied equipment.
@JM1981 "A People's History..." is a deranged propaganda piece bandied about by people with an agenda, conspiracy theorists, self loathers, paranoids, and people who can't think critically. While there are kernels of truth to much of it, far more of it is plain and simple exaggeration, factual cherrypicking, and in some instances outright fabrication. Zinn himself admitted the book was heavily laced with his own opinion and he was not even attempting to be objective. I would look for more accurate historical accounts than Zinn's and if that's the only history book you've ever read, please do yourself a favor and expand your horizons.
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Guess what?
Lester Young 11th Oct 2010
@2drinks

Historical investigation ALWAYS carries the bias and opinions of the investigator. But you haven't substantiated that Zinn is any more biased than the propaganda that passes for "history" in schools.
I hadn't heard of Zinn until our daughter had to read portions of his book in High School a few years back.

IMHO the guy was a left-wing loon, based on my own recollections of, for example, the Viet Nam conflict. I believe now the school counterbalances Zinn with another text whose name I can't recall.
@JM1981 Education history books should regard him as genocidal maniac who is single handedly responsible for killing millions of Native Americans. Turns out Native Americans didn't make good slaves...

For some reason this fantasy of the indigenous Americans being all full of peace and love and care for the environment has become a staple in American thinking. The truth is that there were wars between the peoples, genocide, human sacrifice, enslavement, and widespread epidemics long before Europeans ever set foot on the new world. Not an excuse for what happened with colonization, but just a reminder that everything wasn't all peachy and wonderful before.
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deleted by author
frgough Updated - 11th Oct 2010
nt
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just like everywhere else in the world. They had wars, tyrannies, exploitation, slavery, conquest, etc. In fact, one the reasons the Spanish conquistadors did so well is because everyone and their aunt wanted to be their friend to overthrow the Aztecs. While on the other hand, the British colonists had this horrible practice of actually buying land from the natives in the region. Oh, and a perfect example of how native americans were just like everyone else: John Smith. The reason the Pohantans wanted him dead is because they were afraid he was investigating the waterways they used to put an economic chokehold on the Iroquois Five Nations.
@JM1981

Wrong. Tyrannical though he was, it was the germs and viruses he brought, not his tyrannical ways, that killed off the Indians.

Far, far more Native Americans died from the diseases European brought than died from violence. And don't go citing the stories of deliberate exposure: Europeans did not yet understand how disease spreads, so the overwhelming majority of the exposure was accidental, despite the malice of giving Indians smallpox-infected blankets.
@mejohnsn

Not true. Look up encomienda. Economic warfare is warfare. Your argument is little different than saying, I didn't kill him, the bullet smacking into his brain did. Yes disease killed most outright, but the economic devastation left by encomienda and the other brutal economic policies of the Spanish crown and of Columbus did for the rest and is directly responsible for the unrest that continues today.
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@mejohnsn
frgough 11th Oct 2010
Yep. The Pohantan tribes were masters at it, using their knowledge of the local waterways to keep their boots on the necks of the Iroquois Five Nations. It was the reason they wanted to kill John Smith; they were afraid he was discovering their secret trade routes and would break their economic monopoly on the region.
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mejohnson, Good work!
becabill 14th Oct 2010
@mejohnsn
This is the most fair and balanced reply so far in this string, and the most logical.
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@mejohnsn Indeed, nobody thought of the blanket trick until the 18th century, long after Columbus and the original Conquistadores were dead.

The "genocide" was an inadvertent, and, given the level of knowledge at the time, pretty much inevitable consequence of contact between Europe and the Americas. That some people don't understand this is probably due to the fact that, with the advance of science, epidemic diseases of extreme virulence such as smallpox have passed more or less completely out of living memory.
@JM1981

"Scandinavians have been known to have been as far inland as modern day Minnesota, hundreds of years before Columbus was even a twinkle in his Fathers eye."

You left out the word "allegedly". It's not certain that they were.

But, ooh ooh, you may have forgotten the fact that people from ASIA beat those Scandinavians (and got a lot farther into the Americas) by about..oh... 10 THOUSAND years or so.

No, education history books should regard him as an ambitious man who failed in his goal, but enabled the subsequent voyages that resulted in the United States and Man's highest achievements.

Tell me, if Columbus was a homicidal maniac... what would those Aztec, Inca, Mayan and Toltec priests be, who killed thousands upon thousands in a matter of a few days in ritual human sacrifice? Not just once, but year-in and year-out... In many cases, their own people.

No, he wasn't a genocidal maniac. He just outclassed the so-called "natives" so badly technologically and culturally that they seemed like innocent victims.
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Funny, how quickly you jump to defend your castrated history,
Snooki_smoosh_smoosh Updated - 11th Oct 2010
@hiraghm@... Nowhere in my post did I say that they were any better, but we are not granting any calendar holidays to the likes of the one who enacted their own wars and genocides. I suppose you subscribe to the notion of "well they all did it, so therefore all is well" that is such a logical fallacy on so many levels.

Very few wars are ever fought for good reason, I myself can only name one war that was fought for good reason, and that was WW2 against the Nazi's and their genocidal rage.

I suppose you feel justified that your ancestors wiped out the Native American population to just a few hundred thousand, as being, well they too had wars, they were just outclassed, Or maybe I should just rank you next to Hitler, and justify what happened to them (jews) as just being outclassed, and justified with it is just human nature.
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@JM1981 You're a moron.
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Columbus's name and Columbus's genocide.

http://www.apostrophe.org.uk/
Any sea faring civilization knew the world was round, this can be seen in cultures a few thousand years B.C.E. Columbus had set out to prove he could circumnavigate the globe via India, but he grossly underestimated the size of the planet, even though relatively accurate calculations of the circumference of the planet have been around since the ancient Egyptians.

For all things wrong with Columbus, he did spur interest in the New World, and eventual colonization.
@olePigeon
In fact the size had been very accurately determined by using a stick and watching the shadow at different locations. The size was accurate to within than 2%
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Eratosthenes, 276-195 BCE
Lester Young 11th Oct 2010
@doctorx125

Pretty slick guy. As I recall, he calculated the distance from a well on the Tropic of Cancer to Alexandria using camel travel times. The difference between the sun angles between the two points at summer solstice was the arc subtended over the calculated distance.
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He wasn't Italian
Rick_R 11th Oct 2010
He wasn't Italian. He was probably a descendant of a Spanish family that had been at political odds with Ferdinand and Isabella. He always wrote in Spanish--even when writing to Italian bankers.
@Rick_R
That would be a neat trick to be "at odds" with the King and then have the King / Queen be your sponsor. Maybe that is why he has a mysterious beginning?
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@Rick_R Check your facts. In reality Cristoforo Colombo (His documented and original Italian family surname) was known throughout Spain to speak and write very poorly in Spanish.
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New documental evidence shows that we have been fooled for 500 years. Christopher Columbus was not a lowly wool weaver but a highly trained nobleman and a Portuguese spy.
The names Christopher Columbus (Latin), Cristoforo Colombo (Italian), Cristbal Coln (Spanish), Cristvo Colombo (Portuguese), all try to refer to the same person who set sail in 1492. However three of these names are not correct because the navigator had the Latin name Christopher Colonus and not Christopher Columbus. "http://www.colombo.bz/english/first_note.htm"
And http://www.thirdworldtraveler.com/History/Hero-making_LMTTM.html
@gkrwc

It's actually a beautiful tribute to our nation that Americans are introspective and can so freely and humbly acknowledge our historical faults. I would contrast us with Turkey, whose administration insists that they had no plausible way of know that forcibly marching Armenians into the desert would cause them to die of thirst, and therefore, it was not genocide.

America is like iron in the forge. It becomes stronger for being bashed, and if can't take the bashing, it's not good as a tool and we should start over.
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Did you mean Khristophoros.
rarsa 11th Oct 2010
@gkrwc
The origin of the name is Greek, not latin and it is Khristophoros.

Oh, and America is not a country, It is a continent.
For those who object to Christopher Columbus as one who killed many American Indians (pretty debatable that the figure was in the millions), or was responsible for the depredations of the Europeans or for all the diseases that killed the local inhabitants, all those things would have happened in a few years even if Columbus had died in childbirth. He just happened to be the one who landed first, or the one whose name we remember.
The time was right, and any alternative scenarios just differ in details.
@scottatdtn even if that, indeed, is true do you suggest we legitimize it because he was "just a catalyst of the inevitable"?
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Round Earth
kg6ygs@... 11th Oct 2010
Remember, too, that Eratosthenes of Alexandria had measured the circumference of the earth without leaving Egypt around 240 BC and was within 1% of the correct value. Educated Europeans of the Renaissance were well aware of this event, as was Columbus, though clearly he either miscalculated his speed through the water, or had forgotten Eratosthenes's value, if he thought the New World was the East Indies.
@kg6ygs@...

Actually, Eratosthenes never said which unit he was using: he simply said 'stadia'. But the whole debate then centered on, "which stadia?" There were TWO different units going by that name.

Columbus and his backers assumed the shorter unit, so they thought they could make it all the way to India. But Eratosthenes's figure is accurate within 1% only with the larger unit. If Columbus had thought the larger unit was what Eratosthenes meant, he would have known his voyage was impossible, he would not have set out!
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@mejohnsn Well, they probably would have made it all the way to the Indies (India as such was not the objective), if America hadn't been in the way. The big surprise wasn't so much the size of the globe as the existence of a continent where none had been anticipated.
Yes, I agree that the original Spanish name was Cristobo Colon. We was basically out to find places he could claim in the name of Spain, get precious commodities and find sources of the same. It was not an expedition to prove a scientific theory by any means.

It not difficult to "discover" America anyway. Any sailor from Euro-Asia following a straight course had no choice but to run into North America. The fact that evidence of Viking landings here before 1492, and Amerigo Vespucci's notes predating that time should definitely rule him out as the original discoverer though. Going a step further, it had been inhabited by the indigenous peoples before that so it was way past the point of being a candidate for discovery.
Yes, I agree that the original Spanish name was Cristobo Colon. He was basically out to find places he could claim in the name of Spain, get precious commodities and find continuous sources of the same. It was not an expedition to prove a scientific theory by any means.

It not difficult to "discover" America anyway. Any sailor from Euro-Asia following a straight course had no choice but to run into North America, so Wow, that was indeed a rare feat! Not! The fact that evidence of Viking landings here before 1492, and Amerigo Vespucci's notes predating that time should definitely rule him out as the original discoverer though. Going a step further, it had been inhabited by the indigenous peoples before that so it was way past the point of being a candidate for discovery.
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celebrate this day?
lefty.crupps 11th Oct 2010
How insulting to celebrate the day dedicated to his genocidal behaviour. Do we 'celebrate' 9/11??
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Well then . . . .
fm-usa 11th Oct 2010
Let's change Columbus Day to. . .
"Festi-vus for the Rest-of-Us Day".
how do you know these things? Don't be lieing on the internert because of your asumes. You need facts hard cover facts not just from a book you read. Dum bo

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