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Zero Day

Ryan Naraine and Dancho Danchev

Survey: Millions of users open spam emails, click on links

By | March 25, 2010, 1:10pm PDT

Summary: A newly released report from the Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group (MAAWG), summarizing the results of the group’s second year survey of email security practices, offers an interesting insight into the various interactions end users tend to have with spam emails.

How many users access spam emails, click on the links found within, and open attachments intentionally? Why are they doing it, and who are they holding responsible for the spread of malware and spam in general, in between conveniently excluding themselves?

A newly released survey from the Messaging Anti-Abuse Working Group (MAAWG), summarizing the results of the group’s second year survey of email security practices, offers an interesting insight into the various interactions end users tend to have with spam emails.

Key findings of the survey:

  • Nearly half of those who have accessed spam (46%) have done so intentionally – to unsubscribe, out of curiosity, or out of interest in the products or services being offered
  • Four in ten (43%) say that they have opened an email that they suspected was spam
  • Among those who have opened a suspicious email, over half (57%) say  they have done so because they weren’t sure it was spam and one third (33%) say they have done so by accident
  • Canadian users are those most likely to avoid posting their email address online (46%).  Those in the U.S., Canada and Germany are most likely to set up separate email addresses in order to avoid receiving spam
  • Many users do not typically flag or report spam or fraudulent email
  • When it comes to stopping the spread of viruses, fraudulent email, spyware and spam, email users are most likely to hold ISPs and ESPs (65%) and anti-virus software companies (54%) responsible
  • Less than half of users (48%) hold themselves personally responsible for stopping these threats

It’s interesting to see the paradox of end users blaming ISPs and antivirus vendors, whereas 43% of the surveyed users said that they have accessed spam emails, and that they do not typically flag or report these emails.

What the majority of the survey participants appear to be unaware of, is that, despite the fact that since early days of spam, spammers have been attempting to verify the validity of the emails using DIY tools, on their way to unsubscribe themselves, the users are actually confirming that their email is valid.

In short, it means even more spam.

Moreover, the survey indicates that a common misunderstanding among end users, is still dominating their perspective of spam in general. Nowadays, spam is no longer a mass marketing channel for counterfeit goods/pharmaceuticals only.

Spam is both, an infection and propagation vector for malware campaigns in general, with an interesting twist - the most aggressive Zeus crimeware serving campaigns for Q1, 2010, were optimizing the traffic they were getting through the spam campaigns, by embedding client-side exploits on the pages, next to actual malware left for the end user to manually download and execute.

The most extensive study of end user’s interaction with spam emails, was conducted in 2008 (Spamalytics: An Empirical Analysis of Spam Marketing Conversion), showing that users not only click on spam links, but that they’re actually buying dangerous counterfeit pharmaceuticals:

  • After 26 days, and almost 350 million email messages, only 28 sales resulted — a conversion rate of well under 0.00001%. Of these, all but one were male-enhancement products and the average purchase price was close to $100. Taken together, these conversions would have resulted in revenues of  $2.731.88 — a bit over $100 a day for the measurement period or $140 per day periods when the campaign is active. Under the assumption that our measurements are representative over time (an admittedly dangerous assumption when dealing with such small samples), we can extrapolate that, were it sent continuously at the same rate, Storm-generated pharmaceutical spam would produce roughly 3.5 million dollars of revenue in a year.

What do you think? Why are users still interacting with spam emails, which could easily lead them to drive-by exploits serving web site? Are ISPs or vendors to blame, or the end user’s lack of awareness on the risks involved when interacting with spam emails these days? Do you think that spam is fought in the wrong way, in the sense that before it reaches your Inbox, it has to go out from the network of a socially-irresponsible ISP first?

Talkback.

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Topics

Dancho Danchev is an independent security consultant and cyber threats analyst, with extensive experience in open source intelligence gathering, malware and cybercrime incident response.

Disclosure

Dancho Danchev

More details on Dancho Danchev's current and past professional affiliations, can be found in his LinkedIn profile.

Biography

Dancho Danchev

Dancho Danchev is an independent security consultant and cyber threats analyst, with extensive experience in open source intelligence gathering, and cybercrime incident response. He's been an active security blogger since 2007, and maintains a popular security blog sharing real-time threats intelligence data with the rest of the community on a daily basis. More details on Dancho Danchev's current and past professional affiliations, can be found in his LinkedIn profile. You can also follow him on Twitter

Talkback Most Recent of 61 Talkback(s)

  • More talk. No solutions.
    How can we put an end to spam?

    Answer:

    Everyone wants maximum protection of their on-line data which can be stored in a fully-encrypted manner. That would satisfy a whole bunch of cloud issues, including the Fourth Amendment as it applies to the Cloud , which is really not framed out.

    The larger issue I see is that ALL EMAIL flows over the Internet in 'Clear Text' (readable) form.

    We take the precaution as a matter of privacy to be sure to enclose our paper mail in an envelope do we not?

    Why shouldn't the same convention and assumption of a right to Privacy apply to mail sent on the Internet? Not just its 'storage'.

    That's where OpenPGP comes in. But you can't make it happen unless there is a Federal mandate in place and a Global set of Treaties could unify the supposed: 'Email Postal Encryption Act'.

    Making a Mandate should be accompanied by Government Funding to facilitate defraying the cost of bringing Email software applications into compliance over a period of time to the extent that such applications would incorporate PGP and self-signed certificates for encrypted email and make the process of sending a PGP email from an application usability standpoint sufficiently easy for any person to use with a minimum computer literacy level being assumed.

    So, why do we get upset about information stored on the Internet when we send clear text emails around the world each and every day?

    One side-effect and added 'benefit' of such a change coming into effect is that because of how signed-certificates work, the sender's email address would effectively become 'protected' so no 'bot' could send your email (from your machine if compromised).

    ISPs could then rely on making the assumption that if an email isn't enclosed with a signed-certificate and encrypted, then it is in non-compliance and Mandated handling procedures could be applied to handling of such mails and shunt them off line.

    The result: few or NO SPAM emails.

    Dietrich T. Schmitz
    GNU/Linux Advocate
    ZDNet Gravatar
    Dietrich T. Schmitz GNU/Linux Advocate
    25th Mar 2010
  • DIY duck hunt beats your idea
    Quicker and cleaner baby. Look below for the bushy eyed details.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    klumper
    25th Mar 2010
  • Interesting approach, could get messy though.
    GPG signed certs on emails locks down the sender id field in SMTP MIME format.[1]

    Under a mandated change, ISPs can safely make the assumption, test and simply shunt non-compliant (no signed GPG certificate) email off-line.

    Simple. Buh Bye Spam.



    ===============================
    [1] A spam bot CANNOT sign a GPG cert. Only a human can perform the task.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    Dietrich T. Schmitz GNU/Linux Advocate
    25th Mar 2010
  • Messy true... but think of the fun
    Quicker - check. Cleaner - er... *sigh*

    We may have to give your plan of attack more thought. sad
    ZDNet Gravatar
    klumper
    25th Mar 2010
  • ZDNet Gravatar
    AzuMao
    25th Mar 2010
  • You can count on that NOT happening
    Beyond that given, you also missed the main point altogether. I'm talking about going after the HEAD(s) of the dragon (der spammers), not the TAIL(s) (das victims). Once the instigators are laid asunder, their botnet networks will dry up like spent leaves in autumn.

    Capiche?
    ZDNet Gravatar
    klumper
    25th Mar 2010
  • ZDNet Gravatar
    AzuMao
    25th Mar 2010
  • Right solution, for the wrong problem. HashCash is the solution to spam.
    That or CAPTCHAs that actually work. But they've already
    been tried and failed for a pretty long time now.


    P.S.
    The reason your solution is pointless against spam is
    that if the spammer has taken over your computer, he
    can use whatever keys are on it, or log whatever
    passwords you enter, and if he hasn't (if he's sending
    it from his own computer), just block his IP..
    ZDNet Gravatar
    AzuMao
    25th Mar 2010
  • Windows BOT Networks
    Windows is the PROBLEM period.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    Use_More_OIL_NOW
    25th Mar 2010
    • Flagged
  • Dude
    Go away. Come back when you learn a few things about what we are talking about. Both Linux and Mac have their own botnets, so no Windows isn't the only problem here.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    Cylon Centurion
    26th Mar 2010
    • Flagged
  • Out of band authentication would work with GPG signed certs
    The technology is quite prevalent in Europe.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    Dietrich T. Schmitz, Linux Advocate
    26th Mar 2010
  • ZDNet Gravatar
    AzuMao
    26th Mar 2010
  • Actually it is becoming mandatory but simple to implement
    Check out: http://www.phonefactor.com

    The perl script is easy to implement/integrate with any App, not just email.
    ZDNet Gravatar
    Dietrich T. Schmitz, Linux Advocate
    27th Mar 2010
  • ZDNet Gravatar
    AzuMao
    27th Mar 2010
  • RE: Survey: Millions of users open spam emails, click on links
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    Lovely 3 thanks for sharing! replica watches best
    ZDNet Gravatar
    lovedong
    13th Sep

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