Safeguard your Office 2007 files with encryption, document protection, and digital signatures

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    This gallery is also available as an article and a PDF download.

    In today's business environment, we expect more from office productivity software than just the ability to send and receive e-mail, format documents, produce spreadsheets, and create slide presentations. We also want a way to protect those files from unauthorized access, infiltration of malicious code, and even misuse by those with whom we share them.

    Many security mechanisms to help protect our files are in play on modern networks. But even with network-level protections and the security mechanisms built into modern operating systems, it never hurts to have extra protections built into the applications, as well. Microsoft Office 2007 has a number of data protection features that help to protect the confidentiality and integrity of files created with Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook. We'll look at three of these features here.

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    Office 2007 uses AES (Advanced Encryption Standard) with a 128-bit key and SHA-1 hashing. For stronger protection, you can increase the key length to 256 bits by editing the registry or using Group Policy. This improves the security of password-protected files, especially when long, complex passwords are used.

    To encrypt a file with password protection in Word, Excel, or PowerPoint, start by clicking the Microsoft Office button at the top-left corner of the Office program window. Select Prepare and then Encrypt Document, as shown here.

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    Enter a strong password (at least eight characters, containing upper- and lowercase alpha characters, numbers, and symbols) into the Password field. Retype the same password when prompted to do so.

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    You can save the file in either the Office 2007 format (.docx, .xlsx, or .pptx) or in the Office 97-2003 format (.doc, .xls, or .ppt). If you attempt to save in the older format, you'll see this dialog box advising you that the XML formats provide stronger encryption and asking if you want to convert to the XML-based format to increase the security of the document.

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    Now when you or anyone else tries to open the document, this dialog box will open, prompting for the password.

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    In addition to the file encryption password you can set on a document, Office 2007 allows you to set a file-sharing password. The encryption option is called the password to open, and the file-sharing password is called the password to modify.

    To set a password to modify, you use the Tools in the Save As dialog box (this is also another way to set a password to open). Just click the Office Logo button and select Save As. Then, in the Save As dialog box, enter a name for the file, click the down arrow beside Tools, and select General Options.

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    In the General Options dialog box, you can type a password to open and/or a password to modify. Note that the file-sharing password does not encrypt the document and is not a security measure. The General Options dialog box also allows you to open the Macro Settings section of the Trust Center.

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    Sometimes, you want to distribute a document to others but don't want them to make changes to the formatting -- or want to limit them to only certain types of editing (such as inserting comments. Clicking Protect Document selection on the Review tab of the Office ribbon) opens a task pane where you can select and apply formatting and editing settings.

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    You can limit formatting to only the style(s) you used. This prevents others from changing the styles or applying direct formatting to the document.

    You can also choose whether to allow AutoFormat to override the formatting restrictions, to block theme or scheme switching, and/or to block Quick Style Set switching. (By default, none of these options is enabled.)

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    Once you've set the restrictions and exceptions you want, click the Yes, Start Enforcing Protection button. Then, in the Start Enforcing Protection dialog box, shown here, choose the option to protect with a password only (no encryption) or with user authentication (document is encrypted and Restricted Access is enabled).

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    Digital signatures are used to verify the authenticity of the creator or sender of a document or message and to ensure that the message hasn't been intercepted, with its content surreptitiously changed after it left the sender. (This is called document integrity.) Signing a document does not encrypt it. You can add digital signatures to Word, Excel, and PowerPoint 2007 documents and Outlook 2007 e-mail messages.

    In Outlook, you can digitally sign individual messages or you can configure Outlook to digitally sign all outgoing messages. To sign a message individually, create the message and then, on the Message tab, click beside Options to open the Message Options dialog box.

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    Click the Security Settings button and then check the Add Digital Signature To This Message check box.

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    If you don't already have a digital certificate associated with the e-mail address from which you're sending the message, you'll see an Invalid Certificate warning, which tells you how to get a digital ID to use with the account.

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    You can digitally sign a Word, Excel, or PowerPoint transparently or with a signature line. A transparent signature provides assurance of the authenticity and integrity of the document without being visible within the document itself. A Signatures button shows up on the status bar at the bottom of the application window. After you add the signature, the document becomes Read Only so that it can't be changed.

    To add a transparent signature, click the Microsoft Office button at the top-left corner of the application window and select Prepare, then Add A Digital Signature.

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    If you haven't yet saved the document, you'll be notified that you must save it before you can sign it, and the Save As dialog box will appear to allow you to do so. Then, the Sign dialog box appears, showing the name that will be used to sign the document and providing a space where you can enter a reason for signing the document. You can leave the Purpose field blank if you wish.

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    You can also add digital signature lines to a document, so that signers can add their own digital signatures. To do so, click the Insert tab on the Office ribbon, click the Signature Line button, and then select Microsoft Office Signature Line to open this dialog box. Here, you insert the signer's name, title, and e-mail address, as well as any special instructions to the signer(s).

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    Here's how the signature line will look when it's inserted into the document.

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    When you double-click the signature line, this dialog box will appear. You can sign by typing your name into the signature field, handwriting your name with a pen (in a Tablet PC), or inserting a graphic file containing an image of your handwritten signature.

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    After the document is signed, a dialog box notifies you that the signature has been saved with the document and the date is inserted (if you checked that option) above the typed or handwritten signature in the document.

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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    The Signatures task pane will appear when the document is opened in Office 2007, notifying you that the document is signed. Any changes will invalidate the signature.

    Caption by: Debra Shinder

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Microsoft Office 2007 has a number of data protection features that help to protect the confidentiality and integrity of files created with Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook. This gallery will look at how to use document encryption to password-protect documents, how to restrict formatting and editing of documents, and how to use digital signatures to ensure that documents and messages aren’t changed in transit.

Read More Read Less

This gallery is also available as an article and a PDF download.

In today's business environment, we expect more from office productivity software than just the ability to send and receive e-mail, format documents, produce spreadsheets, and create slide presentations. We also want a way to protect those files from unauthorized access, infiltration of malicious code, and even misuse by those with whom we share them.

Many security mechanisms to help protect our files are in play on modern networks. But even with network-level protections and the security mechanisms built into modern operating systems, it never hurts to have extra protections built into the applications, as well. Microsoft Office 2007 has a number of data protection features that help to protect the confidentiality and integrity of files created with Microsoft Word, Excel, PowerPoint, and Outlook. We'll look at three of these features here.

Caption by: Debra Shinder

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