AMD's top-end, 4.0 GHz, 8-core is a behemoth that can beat Intel's $1,000 Core i7-6900K.
Price: $500
The ASUS Prime X370-Pro AM4 features the X370 chipset, and comes with support for 64GB of RAM, and the following expansion:
Price: $160
Why 32-gigabyte? Why not!
Since I'm filling all the RAM slots I'll tune the speed down to a more reasonable 2400 MHz to avoid compatibility issues until motherboard drivers become more stable.
Price: $270
Nvidia's flagship GeForce GTX 1080 is the most advanced gaming GPU ever created, powered by the new NVIDIA Pascal architecture, which means it's just the graphics card to put into this build (unless you want to wait for the new GTX 1080 Ti cards to appear).
Price: $590
A super-fast SSD to put your operating system and other applications you want to load fast onto.
Price: $275
A secondary drive for your data, applications and other general storage needs.
Price: $130
This 1000W PSU offer plenty of overhead for overclocking and adding more components such as an additional GPU or more drives.
Price: $160
Does everything you could ever want from an optical drive.
Price: $85
What case you get is a very personal choice (and if this is something you're going to be looking at and working with for the next few years, it's sometimes worth investing in).
Personally, I like a case that is robust (flimsy cases are a pain), aren't filled with sharp metal shards that will rip at my flesh, and offer plenty of space for hardware.
Price: $90